The Effect of Technology on the Intelligence of Our Younger Generation Essay

The Effect of Technology on the Intelligence of Our Younger Generation - Essay Example Though Bauerlein and Bowman feel that technology is decreasing certain parts of intelligence, they feel that overall intelligence is not being as brutally mutilated as we tend to think, while Thompson reveals a positive aspect to younger people spending so much of their time implementing technology in their lives. In Bauerlein’s article, he points out that since most socialization is done via text messages, discussion boards, Twitter and Facebook, the current generation is unskilled in the act of reading or properly utilizing body language. Communication has become nothing more than the sharing of the written word; there is no tone of voice, pauses, posture, gesture, eye movements, or shifts in personal space. For those who were not drawn into technology are fluent in the Silent Language, but those with their noses stuck in their cell phones or laptops are unable to read the behavior of these people. Since technology keeps people physically away from one another, there is no need to learn such skills, yet this had made our current generation socially awkward. Bowman makes the case known that deep reading has become a dying art with the increasing use of the Internet. Prior to the Internet’s popularity, research for school assignments was done via books from the library. Students would have no choice but to thoroughly read the texts to gain an understanding of a topic. Nowadays, the younger generation â€Å"power browses,† which involves skimming a few lines of text on the Internet until they find a fact or idea that they can use for their assignment. Instead of reading for knowledge formation, this generation seeks only to retrieve information; the material goes from the Internet straight to the homework assignment, not making even a pitstop in the mind of the student. On the other hand, Thompson’s view of technology is surprisingly optimistic. No matter how much the older generation complains about a lack of literacy in this current generation, a study undergone by Stanford University Professor Andrea Lunsford reveals that  writing is being revived and enhanced by our technologically thriving generation.  

Southwest Airlines selections system Case Study

Southwest Airlines selections system - Case Study Example Southwest is also the largest carrier based on scheduled domestic departures.. Yearend results for 2006 marked Southwest's 34th consecutive year of profitability. Southwest became a major airline in 1989 when it exceeded the billion-dollar revenue mark. Southwest is the United States' most successful low-fare, high frequency, point-to-point carrier(southwest.com 2007)" However, the success of the airline did not only revolve on how they deal with the customers in which majority of the businesses deems that they are the most important element of the company, South West airlines also deals with their employees which the management also deems that it is very important to give them the right compensation as the said company believes in meritocracy wherein they tend to give rewards for the employees in order for them to do more. With this, the company gives incentives and perks for the employees. With this, there are a lot of individuals who wishes to be employed in the said company. To date, the said company provides work for 33,000 total employees. Considering the fact that the company has the prestige and volume of applicants, the interesting part that one must look into and garners interest is the selection process. Of course, it is an established fact that due to the aforementioned premises, the selection process is much different from other employment method. The question, how the selection process is done in line with the standards of the company and the demand of the job without sacrificing the prestige and the name established by the company This is indeed a subject that is worth dealing with specially, the selection system of the company. The company focuses on the strength and weakness of an individual in which, this is the basis on how an employee is selected. Of course, there is an advantage for those people who can project their strength much more than their weakness in a certain job description but this kind of bearing is not the sole basis of the company in order for one to be employed in the job. There are instances that hired applicants are assessed how they can adjust their weakness into strength and how a job description could be suited in an individual's personality- even if it means that a person's weakness is the main reason of why he/she is employed. Petree (2003) further added that "Southwest philosophy is to hire for attitude and train for skill," and having a process for assessing and developing needed skills for the job is a part of the learning management strategy. "That done, we also want to focus on increasing people's strengths-not always focusing on where you may have development opportunities, but where you have strengths that we want to enhance to make you even more effective in your job" Upon analyzing the costs that the company shoulders whether direct or indirect has something to do with the operation of the company. In this case, some companies would suggests that the lesser the cost, the better and the more it would benefit the company. There are a lot of considerations that are needed in order for its impact in the company to be analyzed. In this case, one should look into a more concise and deeper perspective. This means that we should look into the price that the company should pay in order for the said system to be utilized by the company. If we are to analyze, the company

The Right to Vote Essay Example for Free

The Right to Vote Essay In this research paper, I intend to analyze the historical events and public activities that created a ground for politically unprivileged portion of 18th and 19th century United States society to express their dissatisfaction and the desire to have a right to vote. I will study how relevant historical events took place in different states or towns, how did the municipal and state authorities respond to them, how the press illustrated these events and what level of impact the events had on the future of the democratization of the voting process in the United States. As a result of this study, I aim to explain how politically discriminated portions of the society did obtain a right to vote through the democratic process and what factors assisted to this process. My working hypothesis would argue that obtaining a right to vote in the United States society was the product of constitutional conventions, rapid increase in the number of population that resulted in majority of them having an economic participation but no political participation and the formation of political parties that competed for votes. My research will focus on books that give the account of historic events that unfolded in 18th and 19th century regarding the democratization of the right to vote, such as Alexander Keyssar’s work on the right to vote – the contested history of democracy in United States, and newspaper accounts that illustrated or described the relevant events, informed the society on what different intellectuals think about the issue and raised the mass awareness regarding the problem that should be resolved. For example, Albion Tourgee begins his article â€Å"The Right to Vote† by bringing different questions, such as what is the right to vote, how to regulate it, limits of state and national authority, in what manner it should be asserted and to whom does it attach. Also, the monthly law reported on 1853 describes the constitutional convention that was held in the state of Massachusetts, the outcome of the event and how the event would impact the process of democratization of political power. Such historical articles or reports illustrate that the majority of inhabitants or citizens had a desire to know their rights better  and participate in the political process of the town, state or the country, thus impact the political process. Alexander Keyssar in his book â€Å"The right to vote† brings important historical events, such as the formation of constitutional conventions, increase in the number of population of states, physical act of voting, conduct of elections, voting requirements, property and tax requirements, differences in the state and local eligibility and their role in the democratization of the voting process in the United States. For instance, Alexander Keyssar mentions that between 1790 and the 1850s, every state held at least one constitutional convention, and more than a few held several. The issues addressed by these conventions were many, but almost invariably a key concern was the distribution of power among the increasingly diverse residents of each state. While examining the above mentioned historical and other relevant data, I will be studying the level of impact of each event. I will examine how each event that are mentioned in the Alexander Keyssar works or in the works of other scholars and which are illustrated by journals and newspapers allowed the politically discriminated portion of the society raise their voices and concerns and down the road allowed them to gain a political power and obtain a right to vote trough the process of democratization. By conducting the analysis, I aim to rate the level of importance of each historical event or public activity and analyze the role of each stakeholder, such as inhabitants, citizens, aliens, municipal and state authorities, federal government and perhaps women and slaves. Besides relying on books for relevant historical events, I will also look on how the magazines, journals and newspapers of that time reported the events, and to what level they were engaged in the process of the democratization of the right to vote in the United States. While exploring these questions, I will be relying and examining the work of wide range of scholars who have attempted to analyze the major historical events and public activities that resulted in or prepared a ground for the democratization of the right to vote in eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Alexander Keyssar, for instance, in his works has focused on relevant historic events and analyzed the role of stakeholders, such as inhabitants or citizens, political parties, local and state authorities, and the federal government. He also attempts to analyze the role the public events, such as constitutional conventions and the role of arguments of delegates. In his work on the right to vote the contested history of democracy in United States, Alexander Keyssar has a section where he intends to analyze different ideas and arguments to figure out which factors played a crucial role in balancing the political power, including amendments to or changing constitutions. In should be mentioned that in fact Alexander Keyssar conducts a detailed analysis of different factors, such as he analyzed the role political parties in the process of democratization of the right to vote. My next level of analysis would include the assessment of relevant newspapers, journals and other printed materials of 18th and 19th century. I intend to find a connection between the press and stakeholders, such as activists, municipal and state authorities, federal government and political parties and see to what level did this relation impact the material that were published in the press. [ 1 ]. Tourgee, Albion W., Forum (1886-1930); Mar 1890; American Periodicals, pg. 78 [ 2 ]. The Monthly Law Reporter (1848-1866); Sep 1853; 6, 5; American Periodicals pg. 241 [ 3 ]. Alexander Keyssar, The Right to vote the contested history of democracy in United States pg. 28-29 [ 4 ]. Alexander Keyssar, The Right to vote the contested history of democracy in United States pg. 34-35 [ 5 ]. Alexander Keyssar, The Right to vote the contested history of democracy in United States pg. 32-33

Psychological Benefits of Sports on Youth

Psychological Benefits of Sports on Youth Jonathan Johnson Taking part in game can enhance the personal satisfaction of people and groups, push social consideration, enhance health, counter hostile to social conduct, raise singular respect toward oneself and certainty, and augment skylines. (sportscotland, 2003, p7) Consistent interest in physical movement (PA) is basic for great health. Animated individuals profit from larger amounts of health-related fitness and are at easier danger of creating numerous distinctive handicapping therapeutic conditions than idle individuals. It is broadly recognized that the health profits of interest in PA are not restricted to physical health additionally fuse mental segments. Far reaching exploration has brought about clear suggestions of the level of PA needed to prepare health profits. There are particular health-related proposals for youngsters and youths different from those for grown-ups. For individuals matured 5–17 years it is proposed that they attempt moderate or incredible exercises for no less than 60 minutes for every day. Customary support of this level of action by youngsters and youths can bring about expanded physical fitness, decreased muscle to fat ratio ratios, great cardiovascular and metabolic malady danger profiles, upgraded bone health and decreased manifestations of wretchedness and tension. Whilst numerous diverse health profits of support in PA are recognized, the lions share of examination has centered on the physical health profits of support in PA, with less research concentrated on the mental and social health angles. Despite the fact that mental health profits have been referenced in late rules, to date lacking proof blocks decisions about the negligible or ideal sorts or measures of physical action for mental health (Part G Section 8 p39) Despite the fact that the World Health Organization definition of health (2006) consolidates physical, mental and social health areas, the examination giving proof to the PA rules does not particularly address social health. On the other hand, the expositive expression briefing PA rules does propose that viewpoints, for example, social help may help a percentage of the descriptions of mental health results. The addressed to mental or social health profits from sport. In this setting, the accompanying definitions were received: sport a human movement of accomplishing a effect obliging physical effort or physical expertise which, by its temperament and association, is aggressive and is for the most part acknowledged as being a sport. health – a state of complete physical, mental and social prosperity and not just the non appearance of sickness and ailment; mental of alternately alluding to the brain or to the procedures of the brain, for example, considering, feeling, sensing, and the like(p475) mental health – Mental Health alludes to an expansive exhibit of exercises specifically or by implication identified with the mental prosperity part included in the WHOs meaning of health†¦ It is identified with the advancement of prosperity, the counteractive action of mental issue, and the medication furthermore recovery of individuals influenced by mental scatters social: I dentifying with the associations of people, especially as parts of an aggregation or a group (p475); social health: That extent of a singulars prosperity that concerns how he gets alongside other individuals, how other individuals respond to him, and how he associates with social establishments and societal mores. (p 152). In this study, we likewise utilized the accompanying terms: mental – as an equivalent word for mental; furthermore psychosocial †¦ any circumstance in which both mental and social elements are expected to play a part (p638). Sports is a physical activity which sets on rules and help to maintained individual health by different In the world sports is a very popular activity which is play important physical, psychological and social development significances for those children and youth involved. Children and Youth are mentally and physically fit those are participating in sports. Sports are supposed to play a main part in improving children’s health and good for years to come. According to an author (Price-Mitchell, 2014) idea of youth sports have reason that sports helps children in developed teamwork abilities, make person self-confidence, it also helps in overcome the trauma and any injury, build good character and other personal strengths. (Price-Mitchell, 2014) THE EXTRAPOLATION OF ACHIEVEMENT inspiration hypothesis to the domain of focused games has fixated on the two operational ideas of dispositional parts of accomplishment objectives (undertaking and personality inclusion) and situational parts of accomplishment objectives (dominance and execution group atmosphere; Duda, 1992; Duda Nicholls, 1992; Roberts, 1992). Errand and inner self objective viewpoints are thought to reflect the way in which a player translates triumph, disappointment, and subsequently his or her level of games capability. Training specialists have found that assignment included people naturally characterize capability as far as referenced toward oneself benchmarks of execution, for example, undertaking dominance, satisfaction of potential, and aptitude change (Ames Archer, 1988; Nicholls, 1984, 1992), while personality included people judge individual skill on the support of other-referenced measures, for example, beating adversaries and exhibiting predominant cap acity (Jagacinski Nicholls, 1987; Nicholls, 1989). The specific accomplishment objective introduction that a competitor embraces may be influenced by situational elements display inside the evaluative setting (Duda, 1992). Authority and execution situated atmospheres inside the classroom have been joined to errand included and sense of self included intentions, separately, prescribing that motivational atmosphere assumes a persuasive part in the advancement of singular objective introductions around scholars (Ames Archer, 1988). An authority atmosphere has a tendency to advertise positive influence at the class, more versatile taking in methodologies, and more stupendous test looking for practices around its understudies, although an execution atmosphere empowers regularizing or other-referenced norms of victory that regularly process easier recognized capacity in learners consequent to disappointment results (Ames, 1992; Ames Archer, 1988). Understanding what factors influence positive youth development has been advocated by youth development researchers ((P. L. Benson, 2006; J. S. Eccles J. A. Gootman, 2002).) Body Mental studies on the quality of youth games offer wide bits of knowledge into youngster advancement and frequently repudiate each other. Since nobody youngster is precisely like an alternate, folks who comprehend the profits and pitfalls of games and who give careful consideration to the unique necessities of their kids are more inclined to bring children that flourish up in life. Generally, studies show three critical parts of games support that influence positive youth advancement force, coherence, and equalization. A synthesis of every one of the three offers the best profits to children..( Mitchell, 2012) Intensity The measure of time kids use completing games every week is especially imperative to if they accept positive developmental results from their support. Kids who invest more of an opportunity in games exercises have more amazing profits than youth who partake at easier levels or not in the slightest degree. With more terrific time duty, youngsters create better dominance of abilities and predominant information of strategies and technique. This can prompt the advancement of key speculation which is useful in all parts of life, including the capacity to discover and outperform in the occupation market. Nobody can let you know how long of games for every week is the ideal measure. The significant taking in is that kids who make a guarantee to normal practice accept more amazing developmental profits. The security and span of how youngsters take part over their juvenile years is additionally essential. Studies infer that discontinuous support throughout the center and secondary school years is not as gainful as persistent commitment. Setting aside a few minutes encourages the probability that kids will overcome tests and obstructions in their execution. They additionally have more stupendous chances to connect with buddies, figuring out how to adapt to the interpersonal tests of working with others. This is a significant part of creating activity, an inner quality that endures a lifetime. Maybe the most paramount of the three parts of youth games interest is to attain a harmony between games and different exercises. Studies demonstrate that more terrific developmental conclusions are accomplished by kids who invest time in exercises other than their predominant games hunts. It is not so much the amounts of exercises in which youth take an interest yet rather that they have outlets past games. Case in point, one study discovered youth who took part in games and school clubs had easier rates of melancholy than children who centered solely on games. Different studies prescribe that youngsters who partake in exercises that present certifiable tests, such as volunteering in their groups, attain more terrific developmental profits. These exercises urge youth to create a community character and see a world past a session of winning and losing. References Holt, N. L. (Ed.). (2008).Positive youth development through sport. New York, NY: Routledge. Marilyn Price-Mitchell, PhD,is a developmental psychologist working at the intersection of youth development,leadership,education, and civic engagement. C. D. Jensen,C. C. Cushing,A. R. Elledge,Associations Between Teasing,Quality of life and Physical Activity Among Preadolescent Children,Journal of Pediatric Psychology,2014,39,1,65 Niek Pot,Niels Schenk,Ivo Van Hilvoorde,School sports and identity formation: Socialisation or selection?,European Journal of Sports Science,2014,1 Theokas, C. (2009). Youth sport participation: A view of the issues.Developmental Psychology, 45(2), 303-306. Zaff, J. F., Moore, K. A., Papillo, A.R., Williams, S. (2003). Implications of extracurricular activity participation duringadolescenceon positive outcomes.Journal of Adolescent Research, 18, 599-630. Lesyk, J. (1998). Retrieved from http://www.sportpsych.org/nine-mental-skills-overview Price-Mitchell, M. 2014. The Psychology ofYouth Sports.The Moment of YouthHelping teensbelieve in themselves. Sallis J, Owen N: Ecological models of health behavior. In Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, research, and practice. Edited by Glanz K, Rimer B, Lewis F. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 2002:462–485. Kriemler S, Meyer U, Martin E, van Sluijs EMF, Andersen LB, Martin BW: Effect of school-based interventions on physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents: a review of reviews and systematic update. Br J Sports Med 2011, 45(11):923–930 Australian Bureau of Statistics: Defining sport and physical activity, a conceptual model. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics; 2008. Shields and Bredemeier, â€Å"Moral Development and Behavior in Sport,† p. 590. Shields and Bredemeier, â€Å"Moral Development and Behavior in Sport,† p. 593. US Department of Health and Human Services: Physical activity guidelines advisory Committee report; 2008. Available from http://www.health.gov/ paguidelines/report/. Janssen I: Physical activity guidelines for children and youth. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2007, 32:S109–S121. Oja P, Bull F, Fogelholm M, Martin B: Physical activity recommendations for health: what should Europe do? BMC Public Health 2010, 10:10. US Department of Health and Human Services: Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans; 2008. Available from: http://www.health.gov/paguidelines/ guidelines/. Zimmermann-Sloutskis D, Wanner M, Zimmermann E, Martin B: Physical activity levels and determinants of change in young adults: a longitudinal panel study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2010, 7:2. Department of Health and Ageing: Australian National Childrens Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey: Main Findings, 2008. Department of Health and Ageing: Canberra; 2007. Tammelin T, Nayha S, Hills A, Javelin MR: Adolescent participation in  sports and adult physical activity. Am J Prev Med 2003, 24(1):22–28.

Financial Markets and the Risks They Run :: Financial Markets Institutions Finances Essays

Financial Markets and the Risks They Run Outline the differences between a broker and a dealer (or marketmaker) in financial markets, including discussions of how they are remunerated and what risks they run. A financial market consists of diverse financial assets traded between buyers and sellers. In addition to enabling exchange of previously issued financial assets, financial markets make possible the borrowing and lending by facilitating the sale by newly issued financial assets. Examples of financial markets include the New York Stock Exchange (which is involved in the resale of previously issued stock shares), the U.S. government bond market (which is involved in the resale of previously issued bonds), and the U.S. Treasury bills auction (sales of newly issued T-bills). A financial institution is an organization whose primary source of profits is through financial asset transactions. Examples of such financial institutions include discount brokers, banks, insurance companies, and complex multi-function financial institutions such as Merrill Lynch. Financial institutions participate in financial markets by creating and/or exchange of financial assets. In the financial market there are four institutions that carry out in this type of trade. One of which is a broker which is a commissioned agent of a buyer/seller who facilitates trade by locating a seller/buyer to complete the desired transaction. A broker does not take a position in the assets he or she trades; there is no maintaining of inventories in these assets on behalf of the broker. The commissions they charge to the users of their services determine the profits of brokers. Examples of brokers include real estate brokers and stockbrokers. Dealers, like brokers, facilitate trade by matching buyers with sellers of assets; they do not engage in asset transformation. Unlike brokers, however, a dealer can and does "take positions" (i.e., maintain inventories) in the assets he or she trades that permit the dealer to sell out of inventory rather than always having to locate sellers to match every offer to buy. Also, unlike brokers, dealers do not receive sales commissions.

Helping Beyond Our Borders Essay -- International Crime

There are currently 14 names on the International Criminal Court’s (ICC) â€Å"Most Wanted† list (USA for the International Criminal Court). This is the list of the individuals that are responsible for the most heinous crimes happening around the world. It is the goal of the ICC to find these criminals and bring them to justice. American Involvement in the International Criminal Court, designed to provide enforcement and prosecution for crimes against humanity, is critical to its success in fighting those who are responsible for the world’s worst crimes. The International Criminal Court was first established in 1998 when 120 countries voted to adopt the treaty outlining its structure. This treaty went into effect on July 1, 2002, and 108 countries have ratified it as of 2008. The goal of the ICC is to bring the most serious international war criminals to justice and stop crimes such as genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes (USA for the International Criminal Court). The involvement of the United States in the ICC has changed with each president in office. During the Clinton Administration, President Clinton participated in negotiations with the ICC and signed its statute in 2000. However, he did not ratify the treaty because he believed it to be flawed. Then, in 2002, the Bush Administration announced that it would no longer participate in any ICC activity and would not support the court when it was established (AMICC). Since then, the Obama Administration has changed the United States’ relationship with the ICC f rom that of hostility to positive support. Under Obama, the U.S. has supported international criminal justice and principled engagement with international institutions. The U.S., however, does not wish to become... ...fference. Aggressive prosecution aided by the strength the U.S. would add to the process, would help deter future events. There are many people behind all of these horrific crimes, and American involvement in the ICC is crucial to its success in bringing those individuals to justice. Works Cited American Non-Governmental Organization Coalition for the ICC. AMICC, 2012. Web. 12 Mar 2012. MacPhee, Briony. "The United States Should Be a Part of the International Criminal Court." American Non-Governmental Organizations Coalition for the International Criminal Court (AMICC), 2008. Gale Opposing Viewpoints. Web. 9 Mar 2012. "U.S. Influence Being Felt at International Criminal Court." America.gov Press Release. 16 Jun 2010. SIRS Government Reporter. Web. 09 Mar 2012. USA for the International Criminal Court. Citizens for Global Solutions. Web. 12 Mar 2012.

Sex and Gender in Sally Potter’s Orlando

Critically assess Judith Butler’s notion that gender is not a primary category, but an attribute, a set of secondary narrative effects. Your answer should make reference to Sally Potter’s film Orlando. Though Judith Butler asserts that gender is not of any importance, her writings on this notion, understandably, must put a lot of emphasis on the subject of sex. How else could she prove her theory, if not through a discussion of the unimportance of gender? In any case, her hypothesis is one that practically defines Sally Potter’s Orlando. Based on the novelette of the same name by Virginia Woolf, the film depicts an androgynous young man’s curiously long and forever-youthful life, and his slow transformation from man to woman. It is surely a tale that represents Butler’s concern of the eventual unimportance of gender throughout history. Orlando opens with the assertion by the narrator (voiced by the eponymous character) that â€Å"there can be no doubt about his sex, despite the feminine appearance that every young man of the time aspires to. The young nobleman Orlando acts as messenger for Queen Elizabeth, who, captivated by the young man’s beauty, offers him a castle, land and an inheritance for him and his heirs. These possessions will only be his on the condition that he does not â€Å"fade†, â€Å"wither† or â€Å"grow old†. We see the young Orlando fall deeply in love with a young woman, Princess Sasha, whom he loses to another man. Heartbroken, he decides to travel the world throughout the early stages of his long life. Orlando, having experienced war, violence and other such male endeavours, becomes disenchanted with the way men think and behave. He returns home to his estate as a woman. Here, she is told that as the estate belongs to Lord Orlando, or to his heirs, she must leave, as neither title applies to her. Rejected by society, Orlando finds acceptance and solace in the arms of the handsome Captain Shelmardine, the first man with whom she is sexually intimate. It is Shelmardine who makes Orlando realise what identity she truly wants – that of a mother. After all, she â€Å"came into this world searching for companionship. † Centuries later, we see Orlando, still a woman â€Å"for there can be no doubt about her sex†¦ even] with the slightly androgynous appearance that many females of the time aspire to†. She is visiting her old home with a happy young girl – her daughter. Orlando has finally found an identity she is comfortable with. In further commentary on the nature of gender as a secondary narrative, Butler once claimed that â€Å"gender is in no way a stable identity†. This, for all intents and purposes, could be the tagline for Orlando. The titular character is an androgynous being, with no strong convictions about which sex they would rather be. On her transformation into a woman, Orlando commented mildly; â€Å"Same person. No difference at all. Just a different sex†. Butler also commented that sex is an identity obtained, not through physical attributes, but through a performance. A perception of gender is imitated, â€Å"instituted through bodily styles†. However, the critic does not mention appearance; she is merely referring to the understanding of each gender being conveyed through certain physical gestures, movements or actions. Therefore, one’s gender is only as real as our performance of it. The same is true of Orlando, behaves in a comically awkward manner while getting used to her first dress. Being unfamiliar with the heavy frame and netting of her skirt, she walks down her hallway, bumping into furniture and awkwardly swinging her dress to the left to side-step a maid who passes by. In her first social situation, she stomps self-consciously into the drawing room, and then plonks herself down on a couch, rather ungracefully. She hasn’t taken on the grace of a woman, so she still seems to be a man, masquerading as a woman. Butler goes on to describe the gender performance as â€Å"one with clearly punitive consequences†. In short, failing at sufficiently portraying your gender through â€Å"bodily styles† will result in punishment, which is often in the form of alienation. The Lady Orlando confuses her society with her transformation. In a way, her failure to be Lord Orlando, a man, sees her cast out of her rightful home, and, in turn, alienated by society. In Orlando’s climatic scene, the Lady Orlando and her lover, Shelmardine, discuss the common perception regarding gender. â€Å"If I were a man,† Muses the newly-female Orlando, â€Å"might choose not to risk my life for an uncertain cause. I might think that freedom won by death is not worth having. † Shelmardine argues that, in the eyes of society, this would be to â€Å"choose not to be a real man at all†. He, in turn, mocks the stereotype observations regarding women; â€Å"Say if I were a woman; I might choose not to sacrifice my life caring for my children. Or my children’s children. Or to drown anonymously in the milk of female kindness. But instead choose to go abroad. Would I then be –†, (here Orlando interrupts him), â€Å"A real woman? † Yet it is this conversation, the embodiment of Butler’s theories on gender performance, which bring Orlando to the ealisation that she longs for a child. Not to earn back her home through her heir, and not to better portray the behaviour of a woman, but simply to have the companionship and love she always longed for. Orlando’s eponymous character is a human, if fictional, personification of Judith Butler’s many the ses regarding gender. Orlando’s gender does not change her character in any way, she is the â€Å"same person. No difference at all. † She does not understand that, to be accepted, she must perform the role of ‘woman’ to avoid confusing her peers. This is something she simply can’t do; she is who she is. Yet she is punished for her failure to be a man, or to behave like a woman. In the end, she ceases to care or worry about her gender identity. She is a mother, happy with the companion she always craved. Her identity is simply: Orlando. Bibliography * Butler, J. (1988) Performative Acts and Gender Constitutions. In Rivkin, J & Ryan, M ‘Literary Theory: An Anthology, Second Edition’ (pp. 900 – 911). United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing. * Butler, J. (2004) Undoing Gender. United States: Routledge. * Potter, S. (Director). 1992. Orlando. [Motion Picture]. United Kingdom.