The Bad Emperors of Rome Essay - 1677 Words

Caring, respectable, valued and honoured are all traits desirable of an emperor. Augustus encompassed all of these and went as far as restoring the Republican government from its once fallen state, but this was all forgotten when Tiberius became emperor. Tiberius was corrupt by power and Rome began to live in an era of destruction. As well, the subsequent emperors, Caligula and Nero followed in the same path, portraying violence and negatively impacting the city of Rome. Their reign caused them to be unpopular as each marginalized pietas, the duty towards the Gods, family, homeland, and followers, which is highly valued by the romans. This can be seen through the actions and behaviours throughout their time as they were destructive†¦show more content†¦His accessibility to the people became nonexistent as he declared he would no longer assist anyone. A hatred for his brother Drusus formed and he treated his wife poorly, depriving her of the dowry left to her by her fat her and forbidding her to go outside of the house or talk to any men. As well, when his mother became very ill, Tiberius showed no priority to visit her. When she died, he refused to attend her funeral establishing a lack of respect and honour for her. Also outlining the betrayal of his family is the starvation of his three grandsons. He destroyed every bit of family he had, thus destroying the support of his followers as well, as Romans did not respect those who could harm their family in such a way. While in Capri, Tiberius was alone enjoying his privacy when a fisherman approached him. Tiberius, being irritated by this disturbance, ordered his face to be mutilated with the claws of the crab from which the fisherman made an offering. The people of Rome were fearful of Tiberius, such that when they were called to trial, they stabbed themselves in their homes. One day, both women and boys were strangled to death by Tiberius’ executioner, but according to ancient custo ms, it is unlawful to kill a virgin in such a manner. So the executioner raped the young girls not long before strangling them. He came up with multiple ways of torturing people, such as hanging men by their genitals and stoppingShow MoreRelatedThe Fall Of The Roman Empire950 Words   |  4 PagesThe Roman Empire was undoubtedly the most powerful Empire the Mediterranean area had ever seen. However, the inevitable Roman Empire was destined to fall after the series of problems that made the once prominent empire fade away. Rome was easily the center of the world at its time and the idea that such an influential empire would eventually fall was unheard of. The Roman Empire was not built in a day; therefore it was not destroyed in one day. The powerful empire declined for many reasons, but theRead MoreCorrupted Imperial Rome1089 Words   |  5 PagesImperial Rome was an era that had drastic political benefits and deficits. There were a variety of different dynasties that ruled duri ng this period. All of the dynasties ruled after the assassination of Julius Caesar. He was thought to be a conspirator of corruption, but his death was to promote corruption. Among the leaders of Rome, corruption was widespread. Augustus was one of many leaders that supported corruption. Julius Caesar was executed for supporting corruption. Coincidentally, JuliusRead MoreEssay on Commodus1453 Words   |  6 PagesSome claim that Commodus was the worse emperor in the history of Rome. The fact that his father, Marcus Aurelius, was a popular and successful ruler may have raised the precedent that Commodus had to live up to. But for whatever reason, Commodus proved a disconnected and self indulgent leader. At the age of five Commodus was named Caesar, and at the age of seventeen he became co-Augustus with his father. He spent his childhood accompanying Marcus Aurelius on political campaigns, and learned a lotRead MoreReflecting on Why the Roman Empire was Great Essay838 Words   |  4 PagesAs one reflects back on history Rome is an empire that stands out for its greatness, however many question on how and what caused them to have this greatness, was it the leaders, its location on earth, its military or was it the ability to change. It could be assumed that is the leadership that passed through Roman history that made it great but a greater question is are these leaders great through pedigree and lineage or was it by accountability. Rome was a land that started with kings moved toRead More†¢ When Christianity first began they adopted all sorts of pagan religious aspects in to their ways800 Words   |  4 Pagesbecause of romans, only christens got sympathy from other people. †¢Although Christianity caused many problems for Rome it is not the only cause of the fall of Rome. Rome fell from a combination of many different problems including Christianity. †¢Christianity was a peaceful religion and as more and more people converted there where less and less people willing to fight in Romes armys so Rome had to hire soldiers. †¢These hired soldiers were not cheap and that lead to budget problems which lead to moreRead MoreWas Justinian A Good Or Bad Emperor881 Words   |  4 PagesWas Justinian a good or bad Emperor In almost any leader in history we can see a combination of good and bad qualities. The Byzantine emperor Justinian was such a leader he was born a peasant and had a 40 year reign, two years before taking the throne he married Theodora who was a former concubine, he exhibits traits showing both great talents and great personality flaws. Emperor Justinian is sometimes referred to as the last of the Roman Emperors and he desired to return Rome to all of her formerRead MoreThe Entertainment System Of Ancient Rome Essay1028 Words   |  5 PagesSystem of Ancient Rome Christian Goodrum English II Miss Charles October 13, 2016 In ancient Rome the crazed dictator, Julius Caesar, came up with the idea to make slaves fight against wild animals or other slaves. These slaves, often unarmed, would get brutally slaughtered. During the reign of Julius Caesar tensions in the Roman Republic high tensions could shift power away from the line of Caesars. Caesar used these gladiators to entertain the middle class of Rome called the â€Å"Plebeians†Read MoreChristianity And The Roman Empire979 Words   |  4 Pagesetc†¦ But it was after the third century when Christianity started to form part and get a place in the Roman Empire. Christianity made a huge impact in Rome. Also, followers of this religion suffered from emperor’s thoughts and conclusion about Christianity. Furthermore, the Christians were in persecution for many years; however, after the emperor Constantine with the constantinian dynasty, everything seems to be effective for the Christians. The long years that took the Christian people t o achieveRead MoreEmperors of the Roman Empire1028 Words   |  4 PagesEmperors In Ancient Rome, the government was controlled by an emperor starting with Julius Caesar. After his death, men jockeyed for power throughout the next several centuries. Each emperor had his own strengths and weaknesses which made them either beloved or hated by their people. If loyalty to the people and doing what is best for the citizens of the nation or state is the most important criteria on which to judge an emperor, then the success or failure of the emperor can be judged by comparingRead MoreSex in the City-the Roman Empire1579 Words   |  7 Pagesmuch less taboo than it is in todays society. If you could go back in time and walk around the streets of Rome you would find sex everywhere. From graffiti on walls, to brothels in the middle of town, sex just did not have the stigma and guilt that we associate with it today. No men took advantage of this more than the men with the most power, the emperors. Although many of the Roman Emperors were perverse you only have to look at the first three to find how the morals for the Roman Empire were

To Accept and Define Death Essay - 1697 Words

The word â€Å"death† is unique. In fact, we can imply both peaceful and horrific in it. Moreover, death definitely has a powerful message that nobody is ever prepared for it. We are not only unprepared at the loss of beloved one, but also the loss of our own life. The fear of death is related to the uncertainty of what follows death since nobody comes back to tell of an afterlife. Based on national polling in 1997, â€Å"Heaven is not just in your mind: Its a real place†, says 88 percent of a national sample of adults interviewed by Opinion Dynamics for Fox News. However, the poll found that far fewer Americans, 71 percent, believe in hell (Morin). It is not to surprise that many poems have been written on the topic of death: some offer ways to†¦show more content†¦The word â€Å"golden† is a symbol of summer, daytime, and youth. Then, the word â€Å"shovel† signifies a sign related to death, funeral, and latter burial. Eventually, with no edu cation there is no choice but to live the street life which likely leads to a shorter life. The entire tone of the poem is upbeat; however, the tone changes dramatically at the end with a statement: â€Å"We die soon† (Brooks 639). The last line alone tells everything. It is a powerful word related to the fact that 78 percent of U.S. teens had drank alcohol, and 47 percent of the group said theyd consumed 12 or more drinks in the past year. When it came to drug use, 81 percent of teens said they had the opportunity to use illicit substances, with 42.5 percent actually tried them (Castillo). Brooks through her poem tries to warn adolescents that drinking is unhealthy. Drink might cause high sensation and makes us forget about every problems of life. However, we cannot escape from life by drinking and getting high. Moreover, if teenagers want to take a closer look about life; they should notice that life in planet earth is only a transient. What next: we all die. Interpret death is not a religious matter; people, no matter what religion and belief, are going to die. The poem â€Å"We Real Cool† is an excellent job written in 1960. Even though, the poem was written so long ago, it mirrors the situation of today, for many young men and even young women skip school every dayShow MoreRelatedGilgamesh, The Epic Of Gilgamesh1559 Words   |  7 Pagesdetermination to find immortality is impacted by the death of his best companion, Enkidu. At the end of Gilgamesh’s quest, he learns the destined fate of mortals (which is...?). Gilgamesh’s character development is shown throughout the story; he changes from an invincible, fearless king to a king who has accept his mortality and sees his own limitations. Although the quest of Gilgamesh seems to focus on gaining immortality, it works as a bridge to help Gilgamesh accept his mortality and to understand that immortalityRead MoreThe Death Of The Sun, By Lorraine Hansberry And Hamlet, Prince Of Denmark1518 Words   |  7 PagesWhether it is over the death of a loved one or a very emotiona l situation, grief is inevitable. Most individuals experience a form of grief at some point in their lifetime. Coping with a distressing situation can be a very difficult task and there are many arguments as to whether there is a set and correct method on how to deal with grief or not. Many people have created a grieving process that includes going through certain stages in order. However, this proposed grieving method is no more thanRead MoreSophocles Antigone By Sophocles967 Words   |  4 Pageswhile numerous others believe that Antigone is the actual hero in tragedy because Antigone is the title of the play. Critic Robert Heilman defines â€Å"tragedy† as â€Å"the situation in which the divided human being faces basic conflicts, perhaps rationally insoluble, of obligations and passions; makes choices, for good or for evil; errs knowingly or involuntarily; accepts consequences; comes into a new larger awareness; suffers or dies, yet with a larger wisdom†. Basing on this exemplified definition of tragedyRead MoreThe Importance Of Historical Aspects Of Death And Dying1433 Words   |  6 PagesImportance of Historical Aspects of Death and Dying for Nurses The field of nursing has always been one with constant evolution. From the early days on the battlefields, farms and homes to current events that occur in the hospital, nursing has always had challenges to face. Death and dying, in particular, has evolved from private settings to publicly passing away in a hospital or nursing home. This paper will focus on defining and discussing the historical aspects of death and dying, presenting the currentRead MoreDeath And Dying By Mark Pelagio1292 Words   |  6 PagesDeath and dying can be defined in many ways, but the most fundamental answer is that it is the time with the body dies and is returned to the earth. In the text book, The Theology of Death, Douglas Davies discusses how death is a natural process and is fundamental to the living being. (Davies, pg 8). Death and dying are the natural process in which a human being or any other living under go to transition into the next life. In the article Death and Dying by Mark Pelagio, he dis cusses how death canRead MoreSimilarities Between Socrates And Confucius818 Words   |  4 Pagesfact that when one follows the instructions to live the good life it will benefit ones community as well as themselves. Since, the meaning of the good life is not solely dependent on the individual and the quality of their happiness it is best to define the good life as the way individuals ought to live. Now how should one live their life. Socrates’s approach to the good life is twofold: one’s life ought to be focused on rational thinking and one ought to be just in all of their endeavours. TheRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter And The Making Of A Pearl892 Words   |  4 Pagesor by accepting and surrounding the sand with care. With continual care, the oyster turns the small speck of dirt into a beautiful pearl. The Scarlet Letter is a story of how one woman takes a scandalous event and rather than allowing the event to define her, she, by constant kindness, turns her life and her child into something of worth. The theme I am focusing on in The Scarlet Letter is the person and the concept which embodies courage and redemption. To understand how The Scarlet Letter is likeRead MoreDeaths Immanence In Life in Shakespeares King Lear Essay1409 Words   |  6 PagesIn the play King Lear by William Shakespeare, the idea of self-awareness is portrayed through death. More specifically, Lear illustrates self-awareness by refusing the inevitability of old age. With death comes self- awareness. Lear has a clear perception of reality as a king and loving father; however its evident that Lears daughters give him a completely different identity than the one he gives himself. It suggests his old age and faults. During Lears first identity crisis, he rhetoricallyRead MoreAgainst Homosexuality Essay726 Words   |  3 Pageslegislators of societies) are: Man has not been given the authority and power to define the nature of crime. That authority is rightfully reserved only by God. Therefore the responsibility all mankind has is to embrace laws in accord with the Laws of God. The reason God is the rightful One to define the nature of crime is because He is the Creator of all mankind. Therefore it is God who can best define what is evil for man. It is the Almighty God, the One to whom all mankind isRead MoreEssay On Being A Cripple922 Words   |  4 PagesChange is Crippling In Nancy Mairs short story, â€Å"On Being a Cripple†, she reflects on her life handling her disability of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and how it has changed different aspects of her existence. She defines herself as a cripple despite the negative connotations the word may have. Over the past ten years, Mairs has had her MS slowly progress as her body deteriorates. She sees her life as fairly average, but seemingly small tasks have become difficult to her and has required help

The Coffee Club

Question: Describe about the Coffee Club? Answer: Introduction Coffee club, located right at the heart of the city has always been one of the favourite hangouts since I was a teenager. One could spot children of all age groups in red, blue, brown, yellow uniforms from different schools of the town, enjoying a cappuccino or Assam tea or chocolate fudge cream coffee with their friends. It was report card day in my school and all my friends and I decided to meet here on the pre decided time (Dlbrown-inc.com, 2015). It was not just the ambience with huge palm trees and amazing garden right in the centre of the club but also the mini brochures full of offers and interesting jokes and riddles which the coffee club guys used to provide at your table, seconds after you take the seat that drove us all there like small pieces of magnets clinging to a huge ball of iron. Red roses for girls and strawberry shake for boys I have always been a very very lazy person when it comes to reading. Now reading could be reading anything. Anything means anything under the sun, like my course books, story books (however interesting it might have been). I dont not remember if I have properly read any of the letters which my grandparents so fondly used to send to me along with the gifts (TRIP LEE, 2012). Conclusion I used to unwrap the gits quickly without ever caring to read the sentimental letters they wrote for me. But one afternoon while enjoying my club sandwich and green tea at the Coffee club an incident happened which changed my perception for a lifetime. I drove home a lesson that words are indeed more powerful than swords! References TRIP LEE, (2012). Importance of Words TRIP LEE. [online] Available at: https://builttobrag.com/importance-of-words/ [Accessed 10 Feb. 2015]. Dlbrown-inc.com, (2015). The Importance of Words | The Power of Words. [online] Available at: https://www.dlbrown-inc.com/?page_id=94 [Accessed 10 Feb. 2015].

Kafkas Truth Essays - Diarists, Fabulists, Franz Kafka,

Kafka's Truth Catherine Jones Dr. Shepherd Lit 2020 05 April, 00 Kafka's Truth Despite the intentional ambiguity in his work, Franz Kafka's stories do contain a few common thematic threads. Kafka's search for truth, be it about relationships, justice, religion, or human nature is the one interpretation that most critics agree upon. Wilhelm Emrich, a highly acclaimed professor in Berlin, states that Kafka's writings can only be interpreted by accepting the full truth: ?An assistive and willing readiness for the full truth means the ability to renounce all personal, limited ideas, wishes, and efforts of will and to enter into the fullness of all of that-which-is? (50). What he is suggesting is that in order to truly hear what Kafka has to say, one is required to completely disregard the conventional. For example, if one were to read ?The Metamorphosis,? and merely regurgitate the surface details of the story, they would entirely miss the truth behind it. On the level of relationships, the average reader might be touched by the family's tolerance for the creature, noting that they may not have been able to do the same in a similar situation. He or she may overlook the truth of this story as ?the realization that even the most beautiful, most tender relations among people are founded on illusions? (Emrich, 142). Where was the beloved sister after his presence became burdensome? Did his family not remember his contributions to pay off the debts owed by his father? Of course not, because they became comfortable in their situation and took Gregor for granted. When his family was convinced that no hope remained for his recovery, they moved on with their lives as if Gregor no longer existed. It is difficult to draw from ?The Metamorphosis,? any particular divine theme without first knowing that religion was the whole world to Kafka and that ?he viewed the total sum of possible experience in terms of religion? (Muir, 36). There is a subtle religious inference within Gregor's beetle existence where he seeks the ?way to the unknown nourishment he had been longing for? (Emrich, 145). Is he longing for God, or looking for comfort in His absence? The first meal that Gregor was given consisted of bread and milk. Bread symbolizes that which is sacred in some religions. Catholicism, for example, blesses bread as the body of Christ. In biblical parables, seven loaves were broken to feed a large crowd. When Gregor refused the bread and milk, one might infer that he was rejecting God for putting him in his unthinkable condition. Emrich emphasizes Gregor's possible rejection of faith: ?A modern man in his alienated condition, treated as an insect by his fellows who think only of appearances, frustrated in his longings which he is unable to communicate, swept away?and all the while, an unacknowledged religious victim?(36). Human nature is difficult to describe, especially when one is expected to think outside of ?that-which-appears-to-be? instead of ?that-which-is.? After Gregor realized his metamorphosis, he still attempted to carry out his life as usual, perturbed not because he was a beetle, but because his daily work routine was disrupted. He was ?in a state of unresolved conflict between work and ego? (Emrich, 136), meaning that although he acknowledged his changed condition, though barely, Gregor still believed that it would not hinder his ability to perform his work duties. It seems odd that Gregor, who disliked his job, would not view his metamorphosis as a clear reason to abandon it. Gregor thought to himself on that morning, ?If I didn't have to hold my hand because of my parents I'd have given notice long ago, I'd have gone to the chief and told him exactly what I think of him? (Kafka, 1123). It is when this point arises that Kafka illustrated true human nature: man works out of obligation o r duty, not because he enjoys it. Gregor is trapped in his insect form, just like he was trapped in his job. Self-realization and fear of death are other issues Kafka deals with in ?Metamorphosis.? Gregor ?takes a long, deep look at himself and discovers his fearsome counterpart? (Fickert, 47). The moment that he accepted being a beetle and started living like one, symbolizes the moment Man first

Tips for breaking through the barrier - Emphasis

Tips for breaking through the barrier Tips for breaking through the barrier You probably have something in common with everyone else whos ever had writers block: you eventually got going. The problem is, that may well have been because your report was due first thing the next morning and the alternative was the Job Centre. But imagine if something other than blind necessity could break through that wall of fear. If only there was something you could do to stop yourself spending the entire night before the deadline writing in a cold sweat and submitting something substandard. There is, says Emphasis CEO Rob Ashton. The key is to make the act of writing seem less threatening. In the writing process there comes a tipping point where the pain of not doing it outweighs the perceived pain of doing it, says Rob. The key to overcoming writers block is to bring forward that point to now, rather than midnight before its due in. Try these strategies to help you break through the barrier and youll be finished before you know it. Trick yourself Its actually possible for one part of your brain to fool another that it isnt afraid, according to Mark Forster, author of Do It Tomorrow and Other Secrets of Time Management. Forster suggests using the technique of telling yourself, Im not really going to write the [piece in question] now, Ill just and fill in the blank with an easy beginning task. For example: Ill just launch Microsoft Word, or Ill just get the research folder out. This simple act can be a breakthrough. Once youve taken that first action, you will have got over the initial step, says Forster. You may well find that you are hardly even aware that you are moving on to take some additional action. Map it out Facing down a whole unwritten document may be sending chills down your back, but the process of getting on with it can easily be broken down into non-threatening actions. One of these drawing a mind map is also a useful tool to make sure youve covered every who, what, when, where and how. Know your reader The best writing knows its audience, and realising how much you do know about your reader is a great motivational tool as well as helping you to write a document that will do its job. Filling in a reader profile questionnaire is another safe as well as highly effective place to start. Work in bursts When breaking through the block, youll feel less overwhelmed if you know youre going to stop at a certain point. Set a timer with an alarm for a short period of solid work, followed by a few minutes break, then a slightly longer stretch of work and so on. The more stressed you feel about the task, the shorter each burst of work should be. Gradually increase the work time between breaks until you reach your optimal length of time generally this will be no more than about 40 minutes. Stopping at the alarm even in mid-sentence may actually give you the urge to return to your writing. The mind craves completion and will want to get back to the task, says Forster. This helps you to build up a strong momentum. Listen to the Audio Tips interview with Rob Ashton here. And find out whats going on in our heads when writers block strikes here.

The Ongoing Northern Ireland Conflict essays

The Ongoing Northern Ireland Conflict essays Northern Ireland primarily consists of Protestants who want to remain a part of Great Britain. There is, however, a Catholic minority in the north fighting to become a part of the Republic of Ireland. This situation involves centuries of religious tension. The unrest in Northern Ireland dates back as far as the 1500s. At this time most of Europe's population belonged to the Catholic church. Under the reign of King Henry VIII (1509-49), England was converted to Protestantism. King Henry conquered the totally Catholic Ireland, and it came under Protestant control. This Protestant rule started the initial tension with the Catholics in Ireland. Large numbers of Protestants settled in the North of Ireland, creating a Protestant majority in the region that still exists today. In 1609, James I fought the Protestant Prince William III at the Battle of The Boyne. Due to this battle, the Catholics were forced to give up a vast majority of the land in Ireland to Protestant control. Catholics throughout Ireland called for it to become a republic, independent of Great Britain. However, the Protestants insisted on remaining a part of Great Britain. In 1920, the Goverment of Ireland Act officially divided it into two seperate states, the south a predominantly Catholic state and the north a predominatly Protestant state. The Catholics, who longed for their independence from Great Britain, acheived it when they became the Republic of Ireland in 1949. As one would assume, thirty-five years of constant fighting and five hundred years of struggles has had a significant impact on the region of Northern Ireland. Civil war in Northern Ireland has left the region behind the rest of Europe. Europe, in recent years, has been looking to the future. It recently adopted the Euro, a single currency for all of Europe. Additionally, if you are a citizen of a country in Europe, you can travel to other countries without a passport. Europe is looking to the fu...

Mickve Israel Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mickve Israel - Research Paper Example The architect of the building also reflects the desire of the Jewish community to come up with a building that look like the existing churches of the city and provide a worthy and prominent existence to the Jews in America. The site for the building was also selected keeping in view this desire. The design of the congregation is appropriate for its prominent Monterey Square location. The design of the building stands alongside the Savannah churched without standing out as different structure. During the American revolutionary war, the formal prayer services were suspended at the congregation however, in 1786, it was formally recognized as K.K. Mickvah Israel and special space was allocated and rented to be used as synagogue and many worshipers were attracted to this place. In 1790, the charter for the Parnas and Adjustas of Michve Israel was authorized by the governor of Georgia and the congregation is still in operation under the same charter. In 1793, there were some financial problems faced by the congregation due to which it gave up its leased space and the services began to hold at the homes of the members of the congregation. However, the formal structure of the congregation was maintained and the officers were also elected as usual. The congregation also has the honour of standing as the first Jewish community centre that received the letter from the U.S. president after which the congregation president also sent letter to the U.S President George Washington congratulating him on his election as first President of the United States. The construction of the building for the synagogue was stated in 1818 when the city of Savannah granted a plot of land to the congregation. A small wooden building was built at the northeast corner of Liberty Street. The building was completed in 1820 as the first synagogue to be established in Georgia. In 1829, the building was destroyed by the fire and

Jesse James Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jesse James - Essay Example Rev. Robert, his father, was a Baptist minister who helped to find William Jewell College in Liberty, Mo. He was the most famous group member of the James Younger Gang. However, after his death, Jesse became a legendary figure of the Wild West. Unfortunately, he got killed from his own gang member, namely Robert Ford. Every century conveys its villains and heroes. Sometimes, a character sways forward with a mixture of two that can be due to the worlds that doesn't know whether to hate or love that person or he or she becomes a landmark in the complex study of mankind. Such milestone is Jesse James. He was born in Kearney, Missouri on September 5, 1847. Jesse James was a member of the famous group namely, James Younger Gang. Most of the people say that it was the brutal treatment from the Union Soldiers that changed the life of Jesse James and led him towards the crime during the Civil War. The war devastated the Missouri and shaped the life of Jesse. Undoubtedly, during the war, he learned how to kill while riding with his gang member William Quantrill and Bloody Bill Anderson. After the war, Jesse was injured whilst yielding. Within a year, Frank, another group member, and Jesse are suppose to have succeeded the first daylight bank theft in peace point in time. They ran away with $60,000 from the Liberty, Mo. bank not far from their dwelling. For the subsequently 15 years, the James boys wandered all through the U.S. robbing trains and banks of their gold, constructing a fable that was to exist more than a century after Jesse's passing away. However, during this time, Jesse got married to his own cousin namely, Zerelda after her mother and was called Zee in short. They both together had two children, J esse Edwards and Mary. A Pinkerton Detective Agency was called in to assist the catch of the famous thieves. On Christmas Eve, Jesse and Zee stimulated their family into a little house, which was located on top of the high hill. Living under the unspecified name of Tom Howard, Jesse rented the house from a city councilman.With his gang exhausted by arrests, deaths, and defections, Jesse realized that he had only two men left whom he could trust and they were his own brothers Bob and Charley Ford. To better defend his own self, Jesse asked the Ford brothers to move in with him and his family. However, Jesse did not know that Bob Ford had been carrying out secret discussions with Thomas T. Crittenden, the Missouri governor, to bring in Jesse James. Crittenden had made the capture of the James brothers his top precedence; in his opening address he affirmed that no political causes could be permitted to keep them from justice. Banned by law from presenting an adequately large reward, he had turned to the railroad and conveyed the corporations to put up a $10,000 reward for each of them. On April 3, 1882, after having his breakfast, the Fords and James arranged for departure for one more robbery, going in and out of the house to set up the horses. It was an oddly hot day; James removed his coat, and then affirmed that he should eliminate his firearms as well, in case he looks suspicious. James observed a dirty picture on the wall and stood on a chair to clean it. Robert Ford took benefit of the chance, and shot James in the back of the head. (City of St. Joseph, 2007). His murder became a nationwide commotion. The Fords made no effort to conceal their task. Certainly, Robert Ford wired the governor to assert his prize. As crowds pushed into the small house in St. Joseph to see the dead thief, the Ford brothers admitted defeat and surrendered to the authorities, but they were disappointed to find they were accused with first degree

Beauty of Women Essay Example for Free

Beauty of Women Essay Proposal: I have chosen to write about the comparison between the cultures that produced the Venus de Willendorf with the culture that produces the Barbie doll. While writing about the two cultures, I will describe some common themes the Paleolithic culture and the modern culture share; what our modern culture has adopted and those things it has rejected of which the Paleolithic culture held to high standards. Most important through my writing I will show you how much our world views have changed from the era of the Venus de Willendorf to the modern world view of what the ideal woman should look like and how the view of beauty should not be as superficial as the modern culture makes it out to be. Outline: 1. Intro a. â€Å"Beauty is in the eye of the beholder†, this saying can be proven by looking at the different cultures throughout the ages. Beauty of a woman is much more than what she looks like, it is also what a woman’s body can produce and withstand, what is within her. Past cultures show us something that our modern culture tends to forget; that beauty of a woman is more than what she may look like, a woman’s beauty is something that should be adorned. 2. Body b. Common themes between the Paleolithic culture’s views on beauty vs. the modern world’s view i. One common theme on the view of beauty between the Paleolithic culture and the modern world is that both cultures worship a woman’s beauty; each in their own way. c. Some differences between the view of beauty between the Paleolithic culture and modern culture. ii. The most obvious difference between the two cultures is the size/shape of a woman. In the Paleolithic culture an ideal woman’s shape is volumpsous, full figured; but in the modern culture, the ideal woman’s shape is thin with large breast and well preserved. d. How the view of a woman’s beauty has changed between the Paleolithic culture and modern culture iii. Beauty in the Paleolithic culture largely revolved around reproduction, sustaining life; while beauty in the modern world is about preserving, extending life. e. Conclusion iv. Throughout the ages and the different cultures the regard for a woman’s beauty has changed in some ways, but has stayed the same in others. No matter what the beholder believes beauty to be, the one constant of a woman’s beauty in all cultures and throughout time is that it can be a very powerful thing.

Effects of Internet Pornography Essay -- Internet Essays Media

Effects of Internet Pornography It used to be almost impossible for children to get pornography. Comer stores would place adult magazines such as playboy on the top rack behind all the other magazines so that only the title was visible and it was out of reach of children. Movie stores would have separate rooms at the front of the store for their porn videos; this way they could monitor who went into the room. In today's technologically advanced society, pornographic magazines and videos are becoming extinct. Computer users can easily search for sex sites, with millions and millions or results. All it talks is the click of the mouse and children can visit any site they want. There is know way for Internet sites to monitor who is on there site, if you click the button that says your over 18 they let you in, so a 15 year old can easily get on to the site. Pornographic websites also place other moral and social problems not just on underage teenagers but on adults as well. One of the most obvious effects of pornography on the Internet is the easy access that juveniles have to it. All it takes is the click of a mouse and there they are, thousands of nude photos, of women and men doing all sorts sexually explicit of things. Many teens first come across these sorts of thing accidentally. But is it really accidental if advertisement, spams, and e-mail advertising free porn sites pop up every five minutes? How can teens stay away from these kinds of things if they're right there in font of them? "In a 2001 poll by the Kaiser Family Foundation, 70 of 15-to 17-year-olds said they had accidentally come across pornography online." [1] This leads us to wonder does someone actually want teens to view these sites. If porn is meant to... ...ters. Addiction to Internet pornography is also a major problem presented in society. Addicts can spend hours viewing different web sites. Pornography on the Internet creates many unwanted vices in today's society. Internet pornography should have stricter laws and regulations or even better, pornography should be banned from the Internet. Works Cited "Breaking Pornography Addiction." 2004. MacKean, Liz -Fears paedophiles will revel in cyberspace." Auaralian Broadcasting Association 13 January 2004. http://www.abc.net au/7.30/content/2004/sl024959.htm. Paul, Pamela "The Porn Factor† Time Magazine 19 January 2004. http://www.time.com/time/2004/sex/article/the_porn_factor_in_the_01a.html. "Pornography Statistics 2004†. Net Safety Center Statistics 2004. .

Organizing, Researching, and Illustrating your Material Essay

Step 1: Methods Observations: I would observe the individuals in different departments in their own work enviroments to see how they interact with each other and their clients on a day to day basis. I would do this in hopes to see where any and all issues or breakdowns in communication and work procedure and protocols are happening. I hope to have a better understanding of how each department works together after these observations and interviews. Interviews: I will would interview each employee personally, or in groups by department. Whichever I felt would get a better response from the employees. I would plan to explain to them the problems that have been brought to my attention and ask for their input into what they feel the biggest problems are and how they would solve them. Surveys: I would then have them fill out surveys followed by a question and answer session to try to get a personal feel to what is going on. Part 2A: Surveys Employees: Why do you feel some employees have resigned their positions here at Phoenix Advertising in recent months? I hope to find out what employee grievances are and how we as a company can create a better working environment for them. Are we satisfying our clients and what can be done to ensure satisfaction and return business of our clients? I hope to find out if the employees feel they are doing their best for our clients, working to their full ability, what is lacking, and what can be improved. Tell me about yourself and your position here at Phoenix Advertising. Who is the person that you report to when on an assignment? I want to learn what each person  believes their responsibilities are within the company and to whom they report. I also may find some other areas of concerns that have not yet been reported, such as a broken chain of command. 2. Clients: a. What services did you hire Phoenix advertising to do for you? Is there a service you wish we provided or would like to see in the future? Was the price what you expected for the outcome? i. I want to find out exactly what services we are providing most, and what is being offered most. And how our services compare to the prices our clients are paying for them. b. Are you satisfied with the Roanoke Branch staff and the services that have been provided to you on a scale from 0 to 10 (10 being the highest)? i. I want to find out if they are being treated the way they expect to from someone they are essentially paying to work for them. And if they feel like they are they receiving what was promised in their contracts with the company. c. What can we as a company, do better? Would you recommend our services to others? Why or why not? i. I want to know what is most important to our clients and where we need to improve. I also want to find out if our clients would tell others about us, because word of mouth is a great way to gain business, and if it is not I want to know what we can do to change it. Step 2 B: Letter to CEO of Roanoke Branch Phoenix Advertising ATTN: Roanoke Branch 2244 W. 177th Ave Suite 44C Roanoke VA 28135 Phone: (757) 455-2244 Dear Mr. Jonathan Willis: I am writing this letter to inform you that the company president of Phoenix Advertising, Mr. Gregory Forest is sending me to your branch to conduct an investigation into some recent customer complaints we have received. Mr. Forest was concerned after learning that several of our clients from your branch, have complained about the quality, or lack there of, of the work being produced by your advertising department. He is also particularly worried with the news that two of your top, long term, management employees have left the company within the last few months, along with receiving news of several other management and employee issues arising within you branch. For my visit, I am expecting that you to prepare various company documents, such as the company policy manuals you provide for your employees, any production manuals you may have, a list of your hiring and recruitment processes and management approaches, and all other company policies that you may have in place or that you pro vide to your employees. My hopes are that we can sit down together and go over them and try to find a solution to the problems at hand. Please make a copy of all of these available for when I arrive. I would also like to set a time to conduct an interview with some of your newer employees to see how they are being trained and some of your older employees in order to gather their views and opinions of these issues and any concerns they may have, so that we can form a solution to these problems and make your team stronger than ever. Your full support is crucial in resolving these possible problems that are happening in your branch, and more importantly, in coming up with the best solutions to ensure a better future at both your branch and within our company as a whole. I am looking forward to seeing you and your team soon. Thank you for your time and cooperation. Sincerely, Kirstin Krueger VP of Human Resource Management Step 2B – Problems and Illustration Problems: The Phoenix Advertising group is having problems with its employees both in terms of employee work ethic, and in employee morale and motivation. Because of this, a report is needed to find out the economic issues and any managerial issues there may be. Also to look at the relationship of these employees and their management. This report is intended to help the company understand the issues at the Roanoke branch and to find any solutions there may be in order to fix these issues for good. Facts and Causes: Background data: The company that is experiencing the problem is the Roanoke branch of the Phoenix Advertising company, located in Roanoke, Virginia. Phoenix, Advertising is headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina and has clients that include but are not limited to: banks, insurance companies and retail chains. My job as the Vice President for Human Resources Management at Phoenix Advertising, is to report to the company President. The visit to the Roanoke Branch is to learn the facts and causes of the issues and complaints that have been brought to our attention, and to find the right solutions to the problems and complaints so that these issues do not continue to arise in the future. Relative Information: The problem started when the company President learned that several of our clients have complained of the work performed in the Roanoke, Virginia branch. Every client is very important to the company’s overall success,, as clients are what drive our business. We also learned that two, long term employees and top management people have left the agency in the last few months. There are also other key people in the agency are threatening to leave due to other issues. The company president requires me, to conduct a personal inquiry of the situation. I need to determine and analyze the work condition of the branch. I will interview several, various employees, both new and old to determine the views and opinions of the employees of their  work environment. I will also look at various company documents, manuals, and all employee management training. Impact and Effect: The investigation into the Roanoke Branch of the Phoenix Advertising company showed that they are currently facing problems with both management and employee relations. The Roanoke management problems are significantly affecting their employee performance and work ethic. The overall quality and productivity of the branch is suffering. One of their main problems is the decreasing employee morale and motivation. This was easily observed and shown through the answers I received while conducting my interviews. The employees, both new and old showed a huge decrease in their dedication for their work, which resulted in the decline of the quality of their performance at work and the work they produced. The employees also associated this decline to the fact that they felt dissatisfaction with the services and the performances of their managers and the work environment that they were having to work in. The employees feel stress in their work environment which resulted in an increased rate of the use of sick days and was the main cause of the high employee turnover rate. A lack of or poor communication between the employees and the managers is also another problem raised during the my interviews. Solutions The problems discovered during my investigation have to be resolved, and soon, as this may negatively affect not only the Roanoke branch but Phoenix Advertising as a whole. We need to start by revising the hiring and recruitment process in the branch. Particularly on information relative to work assignments, chain of command, and the rights and privileges of the employees. This solution proposal will hopefully create a clear understanding of the purpose of having an employee, and allowing the superiors to use them accordingly based on their skills set, and responsibilities. As the investigator, I recommend the following solutions: Reducing the overall workload of our full-time employees and adding more  part-time employees to help them out, especially during peak seasons to lower employee tension and to even out the amount of work each individual has to do alone. Establishing a clear communication line between managers and employees. This will allow for a more productive workplace, better collaboration between the clients, artists, helpers and anyone else who is involved in the project. Creating a clearer procedural structure and requirements in future approvals of new clients and contracts, to be able to assure the capabilities of the overall company. By being able to provide a better quality product not just pumping out a higher quantity of products for the Roanoke branch and for the Phoenix Advertising company as a whole.

Overcoming Baby Dumping in Malaysia Essay

I. INTRODUCTION Nowadays, the cases of new born baby dumping and foetuses in Malaysia are rapidly increases. This make the Malaysian must take serious attention. To overcome this problem, the government should come out with several policies and programmes, the teenagers need to expose to the religious law and the teenagers should have strong determination to avoid from involving in this problem. II. Body A. One way to overcome this problem is the government should come out with several policies and programmes. 1 Implementing of sex education in the nation’s schools. a This idea has been proposed a few years ago but many people against this idea Actually, this idea already have in syllabus of school such as biology, Islamic Studies and physical education but it only in sub-topic.(Malaysian Digest,2009) b The teenagers can identify the good and bad when the sex education is introduce to the student. It can reduce the statistics of unprotected sexual intercourse, illegal pregnancy as they can get extra knowledge through sex education ( Nazni, 2012). i To encourage sex education in schools is to have an organized visit to a health care or contraceptive clinic as part of the curriculum ii Sex education prepares children and young people to become healthy and sexually responsible adults (Dr Milton Lum, 2010) c Teacher can teach the students about his or her body, benefit of responsible relationship, the effect of unplanned and unprotected sex.( Arabella, 2011) i. focus to the risk of sexual activity. 2 NGO setting up baby hatch at place which is high statistics of baby dumping cases. a According to the OrphanCare organization president, †I think if more hatches open, if they are more accesside and in different cities, we can save a few more life†, (NY Times,2008) b Mothers can bring their babies, usually newborn, at this place and leave them an in the safe place and easy to find this baby. (wikipedia.org) i. Like baby hatch in Petaling Jaya where the parents place the baby into a hatch, which has small door to open to incubator bed. The staff where will alert to the baby’s presence after the mother has left when the bell is ringing. 3 Classify baby dumping that leads to the death of babies as a crime that warrants the death sentence. a â€Å"The Cabinet has decided that the Home Ministry through the police, investigate these cases as murder when a baby dies,† said Women, Family and Community Development Minister Datuk Seri Shahrizat Abdul Jalil. (The Star,2010) i. The punishment for murder is death under section 302 of the Penal Code b â€Å"Police had always consider the dumping of babies either as murder or attempted murder†, said Inspector-General of Police Tan Sri Musa Hassan.(The Star,2010) B. Another way is the teenagers need to be exposed to the religious law. 1 At the context of religious belief, the act of free sex is prohibited.(The voice of youngster on baby dumping issues in Malaysia,2012) a Our religion, Islam guide us about do and don’t in a relationship. i. Have limitation when male and female are socialize together. ii. Allah says in Surrah Al-Israa’ ,verse 32: â€Å"Do not approach adultery, fornication is indeed an abomination and an evil way. b Premarital sex is forbidden under Shariah Law (Liz Gooch,2010) i. Penalty including sex up to three years in prison, a fine of RM 5000 2 Islam concern of five areas that should be take care(property, honour, mind, life and religion a Free sex opposite to honour and abortion is murder because taken the life of foetus (International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance,2012) b Solutions to control the desire are marriage and fasting. (International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance,2012) 3 The government need to reorganise back the tha syllabus of â€Å"Pendidikan Islam† or â€Å"Pendidikan Moral † to make the student more know about negative effect of baby dumping and free sex.(International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 2012) C. One other way is the teenagers should have strong determination to avoid from involving in baby dumping problem. 1. The teenagers especially girls need to know that their body is belong to them and no one has the right to touch it without permission(The Voice Of Youngster On Baby Dumping Issues In Malaysia,2012) a Say â€Å"no† to someone who asked you about sex. i give excuses when someone ask for sex. b The couples should respect women by not asking them for sex before marriage i women must be appreciated for those men who do not touch them before getting married c the girls must avoid to wear sexy clothes as it will lead to rise up the boys’ desire and passions to explore to his opposite gender. (The Voice Of Youngster On Baby Dumping Issues In Malaysia, 2012) 2. Teen usually do not think the effect of their action because they are easily influence by many factor such as pornographic materials in internet (Dr. Ismail Tamby,2012) a â€Å"Youth today can easily have access to pornography material online, even through their mobile phones†, Federal CID director Comm Datuk Seri Bakri Zinin.(The Star,2010) b Datuk Seri Bakri Zinin said since 2005, which numbered 472 as of August 2010,easy access and too exposed to porn and family problems have caused an increase in cases of baby dumping.(The Star,2010) III CONCLUSION The youth today need to know that baby dumping will make them a lot of trouble in their life .Therefor, they need to find alternative to avoid this problem despite the authorities already make a lot of way to reduce this problem among the society. IV REFERENCES Arebella.(2011). THE PREVENTIONS OF BABY ABANDONMNET, Retrieved from January 2, 2012 from http://baby-dumping.blogspot.com/ Liz Gooch (2010/8 December), Malaysia Struggles with Baby Abandonment Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/09/world/asia/09malay.html?pagewanted=2&ref=asia Nazni Noordin, Zaherawati Zakaria .et al (2012), International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, Vol. 3, No. 1,p 7, Retrieved from http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/74166668/voice-youngsters baby-dumping-issues-malaysia Nut Graph ( 2010 /26 August) A Stop to Baby Dumping, Retrieved from file:///F:/A%20stop%20to%20baby%20dumping.htme Nur Hazlizat bt Ibrahim (2010). Study on The Perception and Knowledge of Sexual Health Among Adolescents in UiTM Puncak Alam ,

Comparison of the use of Blood and Sleep in Shakespeares Macbeth Essay Example

Comparison of the use of Blood and Sleep in Shakespeares Macbeth Essay Example Comparison of the use of Blood and Sleep in Shakespeares Macbeth Paper Comparison of the use of Blood and Sleep in Shakespeares Macbeth Paper Essay Topic: Macbeth In Macbeth, the images and themes of blood and sleep are constantly mentioned throughout the play, particularly in Act 2 Scene 2 and in Act 5 Scene 1. The reason for which Shakespeare decided to write the play in this manner was in order to create a symbolic importance of these two motifs. Blood is generally used to represent death, injury and guilt in the play. An effective instance of this is when Lady Macbeth says Ill gild the faces of the grooms. To gild means to paint with gold, and in heraldry, red and gold are often regarded as equal colours, and so in this case, Lady Macbeth says that she will cover the grooms faces with blood. This is intended to be a play on words, associating the word gild with guilt, which then causes the theme of blood to represent guilt. The image of sleep is employed to symbolise conscience. Sleep is known to rest the mind and allow it to function properly. Sleep that knits up the ravelled sleave of care, The death of each days life, sore labours bath, Balm of hurt minds, great natures second course, Chief nourisher in lifes feast. This is indicating that nobody can survive without sleep, demonstrated clearly in the character of Lady Macbeth. Lady Macbeth is unable to sleep again, because when Macbeth kills Duncan, Macbeth does murder sleep! Lady Macbeth is constantly kept awake by her conscience, which is the primary plot of Act 5 Scene 1, in which she is sleep-walking. Also in Act 5 Scene 1, there are continuous references to the evil deeds that Lady Macbeth has committed, many of which include the theme of blood. When she goes through the motion of rubbing and washing her hands, she says, Out damned spot! Out I say! which tells the audience that she is unable to remove the blood (which she is imagining) from her hands just by washing them. A further idea is put across, that whatever Lady Macbeth does, she cannot eradicate her guilt of murdering the king. Once again, the themes of blood and guilt are associated with each other. During the aftermath of Duncans murder, Macbeth feels extremely guilty about his crime, believing that nothing can be done to undo his deed. Will all great Neptunes ocean wash this blood Clean from my hand? No, this my hand will rather The multitudinous seas incarnadine, Making the green one red. Lady Macbeth differs quite a lot from her husband in this way, as she believes that she will be mentally free of guilt as soon as her hands are physically free of blood. Ironically, it is she who is driven to madness at the end of the play, as this is precisely the way that Lady Macbeth feels in Act 5 Scene 1. She tries to wash her hands to remove the blood from them, and to remove her guilt. Macbeth says that no matter how much he washes his hands, the blood will remain on them, and make the water red instead. This is a sign of Macbeths thought that no amount of repentance can clear him from committing such a ghastly crime. The theme of sleep plays an important role in the play, as it represents Macbeths and Lady Macbeths loss of innocence. In Act 2 Scene 2, Macbeth labels sleep as The innocent sleep. Macbeth has however, murdered Duncan, and in doing so, he has lost his innocence, and therefore his sleep is interrupted with nightmares and disturbances, created by his guilty conscience. Before killing Duncan, Macbeth sees the imaginary image of the dagger in front of him. When he is in Duncans chamber, he hears his conscience warning him of his evil act. Still it cried Sleep no more! to all the house. Glamis hath murdered sleep, and therefore Cawdor Shall sleep no more, Macbeth shall sleep no more. Lady Macbeth is also warned of the trouble to arise as a result of the murder. She goes to kill him, but she loses her nerve at the sight of Duncan, who apparently resembles her father as he sleeps. Because of this, she withdraws and sends Macbeth to do her evil act instead. However, the murder is still on her conscience, and so Lady Macbeths sleep is not natural, but forced. In Act 5 Scene 1, while Lady Macbeth is sleepwalking, she highlights the fact that her hands smell like blood. This is most likely in her imagination, as she is unable to rid herself of the shame of Duncans assassination. Heres the smell of the blood still; all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand. Lady Macbeth doubts that she is able to do anything which will allow her to stop feeling guilty and to rest properly. The motif of sleep is not only referred to by Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. In Act 2 Scene 3, Macduff discovers the dead body of Duncan, covered in blood. When Macduff sees the body, he says, Shake off this downy sleep, deaths counterfeit, and look on death itself! This quote is designed to tell the audience that sleep and death appear to be very similar, however, true sleep is downy and soothing, but death is an extreme terror. In Act 5 Scene 1, when Lady Macbeth is sleepwalking, she makes many direct references to the image of blood, and in doing so, indirectly refers to the guilt of both herself, and Macbeth. When she says, Who would have thought the old man to have so much blood in him? she is telling the audience about the great amount of blood contained in Duncans body. She has imagined the he bled when he was stabbed, and continued to bleed ever since. This relates to her guilt very effectively, as she believes that because Duncan has continued to bleed, her guilt has continued to affect her. She asks why Duncan had so much blood in him, because Duncans unlimited amount of blood is causing an unlimited amount of guilt for her, by which she is troubled greatly She strives to wash and scent her hands as thoroughly as possible in order to get rid of the evidence and to get rid of her guilt, but her conscience always tells her that her hands are drenched with blood. Before Macbeth murders Duncan, Act 1 Scene 2 also subtly forecasts the vicious acts which will later be performed by Macbeth. Duncan shouts, What bloody man is that? He is actually referring to Macbeth as the soldier emerging victorious from battle, but Shakespeare is hinting murders that will be later committed, with use of the word bloody. For brave Macbeth well he deserves that name- Disdaining fortune, with his brandished steel, Which smoked with bloody execution, This quote extremely successfully illustrates Macbeths brutality, and ties him in with the idea of killing, which then foretells the audience of the assassination which he is soon going to carry out. The audience, at the time that the play was written, would have been very sensitive to subtle hints of this sort. They would have realised that Macbeth had some evil in him. Act 5 Scene 8 shows very clearly that Macbeth is feeling guilty about his murders. Before fighting Macduff, Macbeth expresses his guilt, but also expresses the fact that he is not afraid of Macduff, at the same time. Macbeth tells Macduff not to fight, because Macbeth does not wish to murder yet another Macduff. Of all men else I have avoided thee. But get thee back; my soul is too much chargd With blood of thine already. When Macbeth openly admits that he has had Macduffs family brutally murdered, he is showing the audience that he has remorse for what he has done, making another reference to the image of blood, in order to add in a metaphor, which communicates his guilt with great effect.

ESL Dialogue About Having a Hard Time Finding a Job

ESL Dialogue About Having a Hard Time Finding a Job Original Conversation Mark: Hi Peter! How are you doing these days?Peter: Oh, Hi Mark. Im not doing very well, actually. Mark: Im sorry to hear that. What seems to be the problem?Peter: ... you know Ive been looking for work. I cant seem to find a job. Mark: Thats too bad. Why did you leave your last job?Peter: Well, my boss treated me badly, and I didnt like my chances of advancing in the company. Mark: That makes sense. A job without opportunities AND a difficult boss isnt very attractive.Peter: Exactly! So, anyway, I decided to quit and find a new job. I sent out my resume to more than twenty companies. Unfortunately, Ive only had two interviews so far. Mark: Have you tried looking online for a job?Peter: Yes, but so many of the jobs require moving to another city. I dont want to do that. Mark: I can understand that. How about going to some of those networking groups?Peter: I havent tried those. What are they? Mark: Theyre groups of people who are also looking for work. They help each other discover new opportunities.Peter: That sounds great. Ill definitely try some of those. Mark: Im glad to hear that. So, what are you doing here?Peter: Oh, Im shopping for a new suit. I want to make the best impression possible at my job interviews! Mark: There you go. Thats the spirit. Im sure things will look up for you soon.Peter: Yes, youre probably right. I hope so! Reported Conversation Mark: I saw Peter today.Susan: Hows he doing? Mark: Not too well, Im afraid.Susan: Whys that? Mark: He told me had been looking for work, but hadnt found a job.Susan: That surprises me. Was he fired or did he quit his last job? Mark: He told me his boss had treated him badly. He also said he didnt like his chances of advancing in the company.Susan: Quitting doesnt sound like a very wise decision to me. Mark: Thats true. But hes been working hard at finding a new job.Susan: Whats he done? Mark: He said he had sent out his resumes to more than twenty companies. Unfortunately, he told me that only two had called him for an interview.Susan: Thats tough. Mark: Tell me about it. However, I gave him some advice and I hope it helps.Susan: What did you suggest? Mark: I suggested joining a networking group.Susan: Thats a great idea. Mark: Yes, well, he told me he would try a few groups.Susan: Where did you see him? Mark: I saw him at the mall. He told me he was shopping for a new suit.Susan: What?! Buying new clothes and no work! Mark: No, no. He said he wanted to make the best impression possible at his job interviews.Susan: Oh, that makes sense. More Dialogue Practice - Includes level and target structures/language functions for each dialogue.

Hooters restaurants need to just admit its adult entertainment and ban Essay

Hooters restaurants need to just admit its adult entertainment and ban children after 9pm. Agree or disagree - Essay Example But in the today’s times where a lot of insight and literature is available on business ethics, empowered by forces such as the media and civilian Watchdogs; ignorance is indeed not an excuse. Most of the literature available on ethics is dominated by rhetoric without accommodating the everyday practical situations that businesses deal with and without an adequate framework. There is also a wide array of ethical theories and explanations that are present, each one holding a particular merit, but the lack of uniformity and coherence makes it hard to standardize or decide on a single formula or framework to deal with such issues. Thus, this paper aims to critically assess an Ethical dilemma with a very objective outlook. This paper aims to systematically present the problem backed by facts and then present a legal and ethical analysis of the facts, without a bias towards either side. And ultimately using this analysis to present a very carefully constructed judgment. While incre ased globalization has opened up many new markets for trade, it has also increased competition among businesses to capture market share. Competition is naturally deemed as healthy, but it can also lead to practices that circumvent the existing socioethical status quos and thus lead to ethical dilemmas. 1 (Richard M. Locke, 2002) As per observations, increased competition leads to firms looking up for newer and more innovative ways to differentiate their products and services. Hooters, an American chain of fast food restaurants, is another such company that has made the use of a rather unconventional and unorthodox medium of differentiating itself, which in its case is female sex appeal. This strategy has been a source of debate and objection from many different circles but has also been successful in creating a market for Hooters. The extent of success and objections differs from place to place depending upon the demographic makeup of the respective locations. Our aim is to explore the many ways in which this eatery operates, analyze the potential sources of objection using legal and ethical notions and then ultimately form a judgment in context of normative ethics regarding what Hooters ought to do. To be specific, this paper will ultimately analyze the validity of the claim that Hooters is indeed an adult entertainment provider operating under the garb of a traditional fast food restaurant, and should consequently disallow the entry of children after 9 p.m. as per the usual legal norms. SUMMARY OVERVIEW: Hooters, since its inception in 1983 has openly admitted to using female sex appeal as a unique selling proposition. While doing this lies within its legal jurisdiction as protected by the American constitution and other governing laws throughout the world, the crux of the debate regarding Hooters lies in the company not classifying itself as an adult service provider. But once it does so, its market will be constricted mainly to adults, and this is what the company doesn’t want. The main attraction of the Hooters franchise are the Hooters Girls. The Hooters Girls are usually young, attractive females wearing a standard required uniform, the highlight of which is a White Hooters tank top and orange shorts. The clothes are meant to enhance the attraction of the body, but strictly without any nudity. The Hooters Girls are supposed to entertain and interact with the customers as part of the Hooters

Modern and Post-Modern Views of a Great Company Research Paper

Modern and Post-Modern Views of a Great Company - Research Paper Example The company selected for this assignment is General Dynamics Information Technology. It is the IT wing of General Dynamics and the world’s 5th largest defense contractor, provides information technology (IT) services, professional services and systems engineering services to customers ranging from federal and state governments, homeland security, defense, health, and commercial sectors. It is also involved in simulation and training with worldwide professionals accounting to approximately 17,000. A trusted name with over 50 years as a pioneer in systems integrator, this company manages large-scale and often mission-critical IT operations and enterprise solutions. The advent of information technology (IT) has resulted in changes in the U.S. military warfare and tactics thereby leading to a transformation in General Dynamics. General Dynamics Information Systems and Technology business segment has four business units and General Dynamics Information Technology is one of them. Ea rlier General Dynamics was known as provider of tanks, submarines and ships to the Department of Defense. Today General Dynamics leads the market in providing the United States government and its allies with technologies. It also is the market leader in mission-critical information systems. General Dynamics’ largest and fastest growing segment is its Information Systems & Technology group. Worldwide it boasts of employee strength of 91,700 approximately while the headquarters of GDIT is in Fairfax, Virginia. General Dynamics is the market leader in the following: †¢information systems and technologies †¢shipbuilding and marine systems †¢armaments and munitions †¢land and expeditionary combat systems †¢Business aviation. ... It also is the market leader in mission-critical information systems. General Dynamics’ largest and fastest growing segment is its Information Systems & Technology group. Worldwide it boasts of employee strength of 91,700 approximately while the headquarters of GDIT is in Fairfax, Virginia. General Dynamics is the market leader in the following: information systems and technologies shipbuilding and marine systems armaments and munitions land and expeditionary combat systems Business aviation (General Dynamics Information Technology, 2011). John Philip Holland started the parent company of Holland Torpedo Boat Company (parent company of General Dynamics) which was responsible for developing the first submarines of US navy. The company after the acquisition of Canadair in 1946 and its subsequent expansion in aircraft production was then renamed to General Dynamics on 24 April 1952. The U.S. defense conglomerate is the world’s fifth largest defense contractor today. Althou gh the company has now diversified and caters to a much wider variety of commercial businesses, from healthcare to mobile service networks, the company still remains principally a defense contractor, providing services and products to Army, State and Federal Governments. Modern and Post-Modern Theories One major difference between the two theories is their dates of inspiration-Modern 1960-1970 and Post-Modern 1990s (Hatch & Cunliffe, 2006, pg. 6). The modernist feel that you must commit to limitations based on knowledge of our five senses (Hatch &Cunliffe, 2006, pg. 15). It is all in what a modernist call their reality based on the data form their five senses. According to Hatch &Cunliffe (2006) the post-modernist perspective commits to uncovering and

Genital Warts Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Genital Warts - Assignment Example According to Genitalwart-s.com, a site managed by the Genital Warts Support Team and whose content is obviously taken from reputable medical sources, genital warts are transmitted mainly through sexual intercourse with a carrier, whether this is vaginal, oral or anal sex. In fact, the possibility of acquiring genital warts from having sex with a carrier accounts for 66% of all cases. However, based on recent medical research, there is no evidence yet that genital warts are transmitted through contaminated medical equipment or even personal items like toothbrush and bath towels. According to the National Institutes of Health, among the factors that increase risk of genital wart infection include having multiple sexual partners, not knowing the sexual history or status of one’s partner at the time of intercourse, being sexually active at a relatively early age, using tobacco or alcohol, having another viral infection like herpes at the time of intercourse, being pregnant or having a weakened immune system that is attributed to a current illness or medication (Zieve, NIH). Other risk factors would include having acquired sexually transmitted infections or diseases in the past, and the use of oral contraceptives and birth control pills instead of condoms and other forms of barrier methods or mechanical prophylaxis, because the former would simply allow unprotected sexual intercourse to take place (â€Å"Genital Warts†). Nevertheless, male and female condoms would often prove to be poor ways of preventing genital warts because the HPV can be on th e skin (Zieve, NIH). Additional risk factors, according to Genitalwart-s.com, include excessive stress, an experience of trauma such as one from a previous surgery, a serious illness, or a serious treatment for diseases such as cervical cancer (â€Å"Genital Warts†). Perhaps, another risk

The Madding Crowd Essay Example for Free

The Madding Crowd Essay Thomas Hardy suggests that in the mid-ninteenth century women were limited in their choice of jobs. Factory work was available in some areas but this meant working long, tiresome hours. They could also work for the rich, but for very little money. The term used for a woman who makes dresses is a seamstress. They spent their lives sewing for the rich ladies who wore smart dresses. In Far From the Madding Crowd the main character Bathsheba is the proud owner of her inherited farm. She has maids, farm workers and shepherds working for her. She spends long hours of the day working in fields. She is a fortunate woman, very popular among the men but who clearly is unsure about life /love. Her character is affluent and enjoys a privileged lifestyle. In Wessex where the book was set it is very traditional, old fashioned (even some parts are today). The rural setting makes it relate to what the scenery was like, and enhances the atmosphere. At the time this book was written, health standards were very poor and there was no birth control. Illness was common, and people often had to cope for themselves. A woman was considered lucky if she was rich enough to employ a maid to care for her. There were no injections to prevent people against tetanus, common among farm workers. (It occurs when dirt is passed through a wound with a risk of getting paralysed) Nowadays we have modern medicine and equipment and highly trained doctors. Unlike men, woman had many limitations. If a party/ festival was being held all the women were obliged to leave the room, while the men drank. But Hardy shows a different stereotype to the one most women were accustomed to at that time- Bathsheba, instead of leaving the room quietly and without protestation, she leaves indignantly, having complained to her husband about the amount of alcohol that was offered- dont give it to them. This shows she was more independent than other women of her day. Women were expected to cook mostly and were frequently bossed around by their husbands (male domination) this has held a topic of sexism to woman today. In the Victorian times, women were expected to dress respectively. Evan if a woman showed a small amount of her ankle it was though of as blasphemous and unpleasant! Woman wore long dresses, bonnets and covered their arms up. Obviously a rich person would have a more fancy-detailed dress than a poor person. People though that woman were not equal to men because men were stronger and protector. Women were quoted as feeble and timid. Woman could vote very little and there was very little education for them. One thing I picked up on was that in the book when Troy was performing in the circus among the other men, there were no woman performing. This was against the rules and the circus would have needed strong performers, which were not, in their eyes woman. The workhouse was a place in which many poor/old people ended their days. But the workhouse was also for young people too. Fanny was one who died in the workhouse after giving birth. People would work and pray throughout the day. They had a regime but they were also allowed to relax and have free time to do what they wanted. It was thought that religion would help the poor to overcome their laziness, fecklessness and drunkenness. Even school lessons for children revolved around the Bible. There were foundation orphanages for children where they were treated with great care. This option was for woman who could not look after their children or were ill/having problems etc. This option would have done Fanny help, if she hadnt had died. From reading the book, and observing the film I have seen in depth that life then, is extremely different from today and what woman could and couldnt do. Men could do far more and seemed to get more out of life than woman. Troy was often seen doing much more than Bathsehba?

Legalizing Euthanasia for Terminally Ill Patients is Neccesary Essay e

On average, 151, 600 people die per day (Ross). Countless people live in fear of death, due to the massive uncertainties. They fear the pain and suffering that often precedes death, so they do everything they can to stay alive, even if it means staying connected to life support for months, completely immobile and unresponsive. Because medical technology has advanced substantially in recent years, scientists have created ways to achieve an easy and simple death, now known as euthanasia. In Greek, euthanasia translates to â€Å"easy or painless death† (Barnard). However, in modern times the question of legalizing euthanasia has become majorly controversial. Legalizing euthanasia for terminally ill patients is necessary because it will allow patients to die with dignity, it will prevent patients from having to live a low quality life full of suffering, and it will allow patients to have a choice of life or death rather than be required to by the government. Many people say that euthanasia is wrong because it is murder. However, when patients are terminally ill, they are no longer truly living. Terminal illness is defined as being hopelessly ill with no chance of recovery (Jussim). Legalizing euthanasia will allow terminally ill patients the option to die with dignity. According to the Savannah Morning News, â€Å"There is something to be said for dying with dignity. And ‘heroic measures’ that prolong a person’s physical existence when there is no meaningful hope for recovery can rob patients of that dignity† (Murphy). Many family members want to keep their family member alive for as long as possible, but in the case of terminal illnesses, they are simply prolonging something that is inevitable. Contrary to what many people believe about death... ...e calm after a storm. Death is only the beginning. Works Cited Barnard, Christiaan. Good Life, Good Death: A Doctor’s Case for Euthanasia and Suicide. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall Inc, 1980. Print. Bonin, Angela. â€Å"Human Euthanasia, The Debate: The Arguments for Both Sides.† Examiner.com. Examiner.com. 20 Feb 2012. Web. 27 April 2014. Jussim, Daniel. Euthanasia: The â€Å"Right to Die Issue.† Hillside: Enslow Publishers Inc, 1993. Print. Murphy, Mark. â€Å"There’s Something to be Said for Dying With Dignity.† SavannahNow.Com. Savannah Morning News. 2 Feb. 2014. Web. 20 April 2014. Paris, John J. Euthanasia. San Diego: Greenhaven Press Inc, 2002. Print. Ross, Stephen. â€Å"Worldwide Missions.† Wholesome Worlds. Wholesome Worlds. n.d. Web. 20 April 2014. Tyson, Peter. â€Å"The Hippocratic Oath Today.† Nova beta. Nova. 27 March 2001. Web. 20 April 2014.

Personal Philosophy of Supervision Essay

In order to meet the needs of their students, administrators must practice effective supervisory practices. School leaders must be knowledgeable on the most recent research of supervisory practices. Principals must also be knowledgeable of professional development in order to enhance their teachers’ knowledge and skills. An administrator’s will be able to use diversified supervision to be able to provide support and guidance where it is needed most. Good connection between knowledge, skills and effectiveness! Professional development is essential in providing opportunities for educational staff members to learn about the latest topics in education. The purpose of this professional development is to continually educate educators to improve the quality of instruction in their classrooms (Glickman, Gordon, & Ross Gordon, 2008). As an educational leader I must build and support a community of learners. I must set the expectation that all members of our school community are learners and highly capable of achieving great things. I believe every member of our community is gifted in some way and can contribute to the success of the school (Sullivan, 2009). By valuing each staff member, parent and learner I am able to lead a culture of inquiry where there is an open and easy exchange of ideas and members are able to live what they really feel and care about. As a teacher I care deeply about my students and their beautiful, unique and interesting development as human beings. As a principal that will change to the entire school community–the teachers and their passions, the parents and their hopes and concerns, the lunch crew and their desire to do the best they can. The physical image of an ache, a yearning felt deeply, is something I hope to engender in our school community. When a community aches with caring personal agendas are set aside and a shared vision and purpose is embra ced. Wow!!! What a strong paragraph! I can see from this that you will be a passionate leader. When a community cares they embrace their responsibility  to keep learning and they thrive on moving ahead and away from status quo. As the leader of this community I must take the time to know our needs and challenges and skillfully manage tasks and resources to support our efforts. I believe a strong school leader builds a community of leaders. As a leader, always learning, I have the experience and confidence to share leadership with my staff and school community. Through relationships I have built I recognize and utilize opportunities for shared leadership. Involving all members of our school community results in shared ownership and investment in our end goal–the education of children. I must have courage to share leadership with my community by modeling risk taking and trust and turn over some decisions (Lipton, 2007). I also must be careful to follow-up and support those who take on leadership roles so I can be accountable for the actions of our community and the end results. As an educational leader I will commit my heart and soul to the success of our school and I will ask the same of our staff, parents and learners. Working together we will create a school community that is warm, safe, challenging and stimulating for all. I recognize leaders run up against hurdles in fulfilling the vision of a program. Leaders live with unpredictable days and under stress and in conflict. Leading with strength and perseverance while remaining connected to the community will navigate the challenges and lead to reaching our goals. My personal philosophy of school leadership continues to emerge as I grow my learning and experience. Each school community I am fortunate to serve wi ll affect me and add to the hue and texture of the tapestry of my life and my career as an administrator. Of the four supervisory approaches I identify myself with the collaborative approach most. Directive control involves the supervisor taking over an educator’s issue, identifying the problem and instructing the teacher to what he or she thinks needs to be done (Glickman& Gordon, Ross-Gordon, 2008). This approach ensures that teachers will use strategies in their classrooms approved by administrators, but is halts teacher creativity and educators will be less likely to take risks without supervisor approval. I feel that this supervisory method should be used as a last resort if a teacher truly cannot make an important decision for themself. The directive informational approach is a method best used for inexperienced teachers (Tschannen-Moran, 2004). With this supervision theory, supervisors identity goals and activities for teacher improvement plans. The supervisor is a source of information and receives quality feedback from teachers. One positive aspect of this method is the amount of feedback given to the teacher from the supervision. One negative, is that the teacher is then not taking full responsibility for teaching practices (Glickman& Gordon, Ross-Gordon, 2008). Nondirective supervision involves the teacher being an essential part of the decision making process. While the teacher is reflecting and thinking through his actions for instructional improvement, the supervisor assists in this thinking and reflection process (Glickman& Gordon, Ross-Gordon, 2008). The positive aspect of this type of supervision includes the teacher feeling comfortable enough to ask their administrator for help when needed and feeling comfortable enough to take risks in their classrooms (Rettig, Lampe, and Garcia, 2000). The negative includes teacher depending too much on supervisors when making decisions. I feel my personal philosophy on supervision aligns most closely with the collaborative style. Collaborative supervision involves the supervisor and the teacher both presenting their ideas and agreeing on a solution to a singular problem (Glickman& Gordon, Ross-Gordon, 2008). This supervisory style allows teachers to participate in the decision making process for their schools. This style will only work however, if teachers are on board to work collaboratively with each other as well as administration. Administrators that use a collaborative style of supervision posses the skills necessary to be a high performing principal. If one can collaborate with others, they have great interpersonal skills, competency and they have enough knowledge to know that if they don’t know all the answers, they are not afraid to seek out others to help solve school issues. All students can learn, the trick is discovering what learning style works best for each students. Leaders work in the same way. They have to discover  what type of leadership style will motivate teachers the best. In turn, it is up to the teacher to get to know the students needs and provide them with the tools to be successful. With this educational belief, I am inclined to use collaborative supervision to ensure teachers feel important and a part of the decision making process of the school. Teachers are essential to the school, and should feel that they are as well. I believe all the supervisory styles will be needed at different times and with different teachers, but I connect best with the collaborative supervision belief. Lauren- Your paper examines the reasons for the selection of your philosophy and it is well supported with logic and examples. The philosophy you best identify yourself with is the collaborative approach. You have explained how your supervisory approach aligns with this philosophy. Your examples like the importance of community involvement and passion do a nice job of supporting your thoughts. You have incorporated good supporting research and your paper is written at an appropriate level for a college paper but you do have a few errors that a proofreading should eliminate. Good job! References Glickman, C.D., Gordon, S.P., Ross-Gordon, J.M. (2014). Supervision and instructional leadership: a developmental approach (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Rettig, P.R., Lampe and Garcia, P. (2000). â€Å"Supervising Your Faculty with a Differentiated Model.† The Department Chair 11(2) Lipton, L. (2007). Learning-focused supervision. Training and Education in Professional Phycology, 8(3), 143-148. Sullivan, S. & Glanz, J. (2009). Supervision that improves teaching and learning. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin. Tschannen-Moran, M. (2004). Trust matters: leadership for successful schools. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

PHP vs. ASP Essay

Introduction PHP and ASP are the two best web technologies this century is to offer. In their own ways, they have created trust and market for their product and development environment. Anstey (2003) mentions that PHP belongs to a free software community and open source general purpose software which is very easy to use and correct its bugs from the community of developers around the world. ASP is a program that runs on IIS server and is a free component with windows operating system and offers various features (Argence, 2008). ASP.NET is a unified Web development platform that provides services necessary for developers to build enterprise-class Web applications. ASP.NET provides programming model and infrastructure for more secure, scalable, and stable applications. ASP.NET is a compiled, .NET based web environment developed in any .NET compatible languages like Visual Basic .NET, C#, JScript.NET, etc. Additionally, the entire .NET Framework is available to any ASP.NET application. Developers can easily access the benefits of these technologies, which include the managed common language runtime environment, type safety, inheritance, and so on. The foundation of all Web applications is that they deliver dynamic content over a protocol which by model is stateless. Most of the ASP.NET developments fall in client-server architecture programming model. Minimal points to be considered for a typical web application modeled as client-server architecture are given below. User interface and client environment (Page layout). Data verification, transfer and store. Security. Scalability, reliability and availability of the application. Optimized resource utilization and performance. Handling unpleasant instances gracefully. Navigation. Literature review PHP traces back to the development of Perl and C which emerged quite successfully as a result of the contribution of the various programmers around the globe and as a result of its being an open community. The various versions came out successfully through 1997 to 2004 where the features were added and successfully taken up to cater to the development paradigm of the large scale of internet users. ASP came handy with Windows 95 with the features of IIS server installed. It was an established standard which takes into account the various databases into consideration and is based on the COM model. The various differences among PHP and ASP make sure that all to a good extent the feature are compiled and carries enough advantage to understand the loopholes and make sure that all the various utilities are enforced well.   PHP and ASP depict large scale differences in the form of various factors like cost, integration of features, speed, platform compatibility, additional costs, base language, database connectivity and many others. Cost: As PHP is not single handedly owned by any individual or an organization it does not requires to be purchased for use. Even for the support of the backend, it uses a database technology named MySQL which is also available free of cost (DuBois, 2002). The hosting of the PHP pages into the Linux server and their deployment is quite affordable and can be done with ease. Glass (2004) mentions that ASP is synchronized with Microsoft Windows operating system and comes along with it bearing the cost of the operating system. Moreover hosting ASP pages is expensive over the internet and features like email, file uploading and other features are quite expensive at the same time. Integration with operating environments and databases: PHP makes sure that all the operating environments are taken care to its fullest capability and is compatible with Windows, UNIX, Linux, Solaris and others. Its platform dependency format makes sure that all the various compatibility with operating environments makes it quite viable in nature. PHP integrates with the databases like MySQL and others in a great fashion. ASP on the other hand is compatible with Windows only and makes sure that Microsoft oriented databases like MSSQL server would be well integrated with it. For other database platforms it requires to download various libraries and components for integration and workability (Hull, 2002). Performance: PHP is an interpreted language and make sure that the interpreted nature makes it fast for getting the customization done. The memory requirement of the PHP pages is quite optimizable and runs very fast with the greater understanding of the various features. Database connections of PHP are also quite flexible and make sure that all the various database functionality like stability, transactions, replication, triggers and stored procedures are handled quite well (Merrall, 2000). ASP on the other hand is a compiled language and the software glitches are quite often not corrected or take a long time to get it done. The compiled nature makes sure that all the various factors like throughput and response time is quite low for the hosted pages. Its exclusivity with Microsoft windows operating system makes it platform independent with regard to various hosting and access problems. Enhanced capabilities and compatibility: These include file transfer programs and utilities, compression of data, uploading of files, integration of XML an MD5, encryption techniques and email facilities are not included in ASP, even if it does it requires the support of large third party packages installed, which are very easily integrated in PHP. PHP.net (2008) mentions that complex functions like dynamic images, IMAP, SNMP, dynamic flash, PDF, native access to Oracle, Ovrimos, Postgre, Sybase, mSql, MSSQL, Ingres, Interbase and Informix databases, LDAP, and sockets and many others are easily integrated with PHP, however it would create a big problem with its integration with ASP. PHP is compatible with various web servers for its functioning however ASP requires it to be easily integrated with only IIS and PWS as explained by Pires (2005). Conclusion   Although both ASP and PHP are web server end languages for web development, it makes sure that the factors like cost, installation, performance, compatibility issues are economized to its full   extent. PHP offers the best integration of the speed and performance factors and make sure that all the various promises are met for catering to the web development (Zhang, 1999). ASP is most suitable with the Microsoft platform and makes sure that all the features are captured and managed for the various services. References Anstey, Marty (2003). PHP vs ASP. Retrieved 19, February 2008 from http://marty.anstey.ca/programming/php/articles/ Argence d Ricardo (2008). Web Hosting, PHP vs AS.P. Retrieved 18, February 2008 from http://articles.topofhosting.com/web-hosting-php-asp.php DuBois, Paul (2002). MySQL Cookbook. O’Reilly, October 2002. Glass, Michael (2004). Beginning PHP, Apache, MySQL ® Web Development. Wiley Publicizing sons. ISBN: 0-7645-5744-0. Hull, Sean (2002). PHP vs. ASP.NET Redux. Retrieved 18, February 2008 from http://www.oracle.com/technology/pub/columns/hull_php2.html Merrall, Graeme (2000). PHP/MySQL Tutorial PHP.net (2008). See: http://www.php.net/manual/en Pires, Halstatt (2005). ASP vs. PHP. Retrieved 18, February 2008 from http://www.webpronews.com/expertarticles/2005/12/22/asp-vs-php Zhang, Ying (1999). Web Database Step-by-Step Guide.

Discover Trompe lOeil Art in Painting and Architecture

Discover Trompe l'Oeil Art in Painting and Architecture French for fool the eye,  trompe loeil art creates the illusion of reality. Through skillful use of color, shading, and perspective, painted objects appear three-dimensional.  Faux finishes like marbling and wood graining add to the trompe loeil effect. Applied to furniture, paintings, walls, ceilings, decorative items, set designs, or building facades, trompe l’oeil art inspires a gasp of surprise and wonder. Although tromper means to deceive, viewers are often willing participants, delighting in the visual trickery. Trompe l'Oeil Art Shading and perspectiveFaux finishes3-D effects Pronounced tromp loi, trompe-l’oeil may be spelled with or without a hyphen. In French, the  Ã…“  ligature is used:  trompe l’œil. Realistic artworks were not described as trompe-loeil until the late 1800s, but the desire to capture reality dates back to ancient times. Early Frescoes Fresco from the House of Meleagro, Pompeii,1st Century.   Photo  ©DEA / G. NIMATALLAH/ Getty   In ancient Greece and Rome, artisans applied pigments to wet plaster to create life-like details. Flat surfaces appeared three dimensional when painters added false columns, corbels, and other architectural ornaments. The Greek artist Zeuxis (5th century B.C.) is said to have painted grapes so convincing, even birds were deceived. Frescoes (plaster wall paintings) found in Pompeii and other archaeological sites contain trompe loeil elements. For many centuries, artists continued to use the wet plaster method to transform interior spaces. In villas, palaces, churches, and cathedrals, trompe loeil images gave the illusion of vast space and distant vistas. Through the magic of perspective and skillful use of light and shadow, domes became sky and windowless spaces opened to imaginary vistas. Renaissance artist Michelangelo (1475 -1564) used wet plaster when he filled the vast ceiling of the Sistine Chapel with cascading angels, Biblical figures, and an enormous bearded God surrounded by trompe loeil columns and beams. Secret Formulas Dresden Triptych, Oil on Oak, 1437, by Jan van Eyck. Dresden State Art Collections, Gemldegalerie Alte Meisterm.   DEA / E. LESSING / Getty Images By painting with wet plaster, artists could give walls and ceilings rich color and a sense of depth. However, plaster dries quickly. Even the greatest fresco painters could not achieve subtle blending or precise details. For smaller paintings, European artists commonly used egg-based tempera applied to wood panels. This medium was easier to work with, but it also dried quickly. During the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, artists searched for new, more flexible paint formulas. The Northern European painter Jan Van Eyck (c.1395-c.1441) popularized the idea of adding boiled oil to pigments. Thin, nearly transparent glazes applied over wood panels gave objects a life-like gleam. Measuring less than thirteen inches long, Van Eycks Dresen Triptych is a tour de force with ultra real  images of Romanesque columns and arches. Viewers can imagine they are looking through a window into a Biblical scene. Faux carvings and tapestries enhance the illusion. Other Renaissance painters invented their own recipes, combining the traditional egg-based tempera formula with a variety of ingredients, from powdered bone to lead and walnut oil. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) used his own experimental oil and tempera formula when he painted his famous mural, The Last Supper. Tragically, da Vinci’s methods were flawed and the breathtakingly realistic details began to flake within a few years. Dutch Deceivers Tromp-loeil Still-Life, 1664, by Samuel Dirksz, vanHoogstraten. Dordrechts Museum Collection.   Fine Art Images/Heritage Images/Getty Images During the 17th century, Flemish still life painters became known for optical illusions. Three-dimensional objects seemed to project from the frame. Open cabinets and archways suggested deep recesses. Stamps, letters, and news bulletins were depicted so convincingly, passersby might be tempted to pluck them from the painting. Sometimes images of brushes and palettes were included to call attention to the deception. There’s an air of delight in the artistic trickery, and it’s possible that the Dutch masters competed in their efforts to conjure reality. Many developed new oil-and wax-based formulas, each claiming that their own offered superior properties. Artists like Gerard Houckgeest (1600-1661), Gerrit Dou (1613-1675), Samuel Dirksz  Hoogstraten  (1627-1678), and Evert Collier (c.1640-1710) could not have painted their magical deceptions if not for the versatility of the new mediums. Eventually, advanced technologies and mass-production made the painting formulas of the Dutch masters obsolete. Popular tastes moved toward expressionist and abstract styles. Nevertheless, a fascination for trompe loeil realism persisted through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. American artists De Scott Evans (1847-1898),  William Harnett (1848–1892), John Peto (1854–1907), and John Haberle (1856-1933) painted meticulous still lifes in the tradition of the Dutch illusionists. French-born painter and scholar Jacques Maroger (1884-1962) analyzed the properties of early paint mediums. His classic text,The Secret Formulas and Techniques of the Masters, included recipes he claimed to have rediscovered. His theories reawakened interest in classical styles, stirred controversy, and inspired writers. Modern Magic Artist Tjalf Sparnaay with one of his megarealistic paintings. cc Tjalf Sparnaay   Merogers return to classical techniques was one of many realistic styles that emerged during the second half of the 20th century. Realism gave modern-day artists a way to explore and reinterpret the world with scientific precision and ironic detachment. Photorealists painstakingly reproduced photographic images. Hyperrealists toyed with realistic elements, exaggerating details, distorting scale, or juxtaposing figures and objects in unexpected ways.  Dutch painter Tjalf Sparnaay (shown above) calls himself a â€Å"megarealist† because he paints â€Å"mega-sized† versions of commercial products. My intention is to give these objects a soul and a renewed presence,† Sparnaay explains on his website. 3-D Street Art Mural for Fontainebleau Hotel, Richard Haas, Designer, Created 1985-86, Demolished 2002. Corbis Documentary / Getty Images Trompe l’oeil by contemporary artists  can be whimsical, satirical, disturbing, or surreal. Incorporated into paintings, murals, advertising posters, and sculpture, the deceptive images often defy the laws of physics and toy with our perception of the world. Artist Richard Haas made deft use of trompe l’oeil magic when he designed a six-story mural for the Fontainebleau Hotel in Miami. False finishes transformed a blank wall into a triumphal arch made of mortared stone blocks (shown above). The enormous fluted column, the twin caryatids, and the bass relief flamingos were tricks of light, shadow, and perspective.The sky and waterfall were also optical illusions, teasing passersby into believing they might stroll through the arch to the beach. The Fontainebleau mural entertained Miami visitors from 1986 until 2002, when the wall was demolished to make way for real, rather than trompe l’oeil, views of the waterside resort. Commercial wall art like the Fontainebleau mural is often transitory. Weather takes a toll, tastes change, and new construction replaces the old. Nevertheless, 3-D street art plays an important role in reshaping our urban landscapes. Time-bending murals by French artist Pierre Delavie conjure historic vistas. German artist Edgar Mueller turns street pavement into heart-thumping views of cliffs and caves. American artist John Pugh opens walls with eye-deceiving images of impossible scenes. In cities around the world, trompe loeil mural artists force us to ask: What is real? What is artifice? What is important? Sources Deceptions and Illusions: Five Centuries of Trompe LOeil Painting, by Sybille Ebert-Schifferer with essays by Sybille Ebert-Schifferer ... [et al.]; Catalog of an exhibition held at the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., Oct. 13, 2002-Mar. 2, 2003.Historical Painting Techniques, Materials, and Studio Practice, by The J. Paul Getty Trust, 1995 [PDF, accessed April 22, 2017] ; https://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications_resources/pdf_publications/pdf/historical_paintings.pdfMusee du Trompe lOeil, museedutrompeloeil.com/en/trompe-loeil/The Secret Formulas and Techniques of the Masters by Jacques Maroger (trans.  Eleanor Beckham), New York: Studio Publications, 1948.