Harvard Style Annotated Bibliography Essay

1. King, Rosemary. Oxford studies of religion. Preliminary & HSC course ed. Melbourne, Victoria: Gary Underwood, 2010. 1-459. Print. 2. Rosemary King is an experienced teacher who worked with government, catholic and independent schools. She successfully completed the Graduate Certificate in World Religions from the University of New England (UNE) and is currently teaching at the Uniting Church’s MLC School located in Sydney, her position is the coordinator of service learning. 3. In the chapter on preliminary ‘Islam’, the topic mainly focuses on the view and study of Islam as one of the major religious traditions as a living religious system. It allows the reader to investigate the religious traditions and belief systems, examine the significance of all relating religious traditions in the life of a Muslim Adherent and communicates ideas, information and issues using the appropriate visual/written forms. 4. This text is written to support the syllabus studies of a preliminary/HSC student for studies of religion 1. 5. I feel that this text was useful when I was researching information regarding the Qu’ran, the Hadith, the Sunna, the Ijma and the Qiyas. The reason being for this was because it explained the purpose of all these traditions and the impact that is forced upon a Muslim by these traditions. Also how they guide a Muslim to living the life by the Qu’ran (Rules and regulations set by Allah, ‘God’) 6. I found that the information in this text was accurate and valid, although it could have been more in detail and less simplistic than it was. For example, when talking about a specific tradition I found that it could have been more in depth and informative.

Pro Death Penalty – Essay

One main person involved was Susan Atkins an intelligent woman twisted by the ideas of Manson. She stabbed Sharon Tate, a pregnant actress, sixteen times, Sharon begged for mercy and Susan Atkins told her â€Å"there would be no compassion for her or her unborn bar, and after tasting the victim's blood she used the blood to write the word â€Å"pig† on the front door and left. After she admitted to stabbing the pregnant actress in her 1971 court trial, she was sentenced to the death penalty. BUT due to the Supreme Court decision in 1972 of abolishing the death penalty, Atkins was now In prison for life with POSSIBLE PAROLE!She Is now on the brink of death and has cost the state of California over 1. 4 million dollars alone in medical costs That's doesn't even include the 3. 5 million dollars it has took to care for her in prison for almost forty years! In total, this adds up to 5 million dollars The cost to keep the death penalty in California Is ninety million dollars. Right now California has 3,300 people in for a life sentence, this only adds up to the seventy five million dollars right now. But riddle me this with crime rates only moving up in these financially bad times do you want to run the risk of putting more in life in Jail? The costs here say.If we add one hundred people a year to the life In prison list It will only take seven years for the price of life penalties to be higher than the death penalty price! Now some people believe that sometimes the person that was accused didn't even commit the crime and that that person is being killed for no reason, but with modern technology today there Is a very unlikely chance of mixing a person up with the convict. One of the easiest ways to find out If the defendant Is the killer Is by using DNA testing to see if their DNA matches the convicted person, also besides DNA routs can use finger prints to identify the killer.Now even the person convicted isn't the killer there has been in the last few years a average waiting time on death row of 12 and 1/2 years with some men walling up to 25 years, that give the defendant and the government more than enough time to review the case and look for new evidence!!! But enough with costs of the death penalty, what is your moral view. People view the death penalty in many ways, some for it and others against it. But what It takes for ones opinion to be changed Is the death of someone you know or are Emily members with. Most seek revenge and want that person to die and experience what they did to the victim.Now what would you want a the killer of you dad or you mom, maybe you sister or brother to get? Life in prison or the death penalty. The murderer should have to face what their victim did! Now what do you really want? During life prison the prisoners can get a chance to have a education In prisons While we are paying for college and schooling they are getting a free education that 1 OFF we pa Rebuttal The plan proposed by the affirmative s ide will not work! While we are paying for allege and schooling prisoners can be getting a free education that we pay for with our tax!For the people locked up for life in prison. It's a university of crime where prisoners are schooled to be â€Å"better† criminals. The taxpayers pay the tuition. It costs more than a Harvard education. Prison is the breeding ground for the worst social evils. Remember that 35 out of the 50 states still support capital punishment! That is more than 70% of the states, that dost even include the U. S. Government that also supports capital punishment. Ohio also uses the death penalty. Also more than 62% f Americans still support the death penalty. That is way more than half!It also comes down to the view of the watcher, some people that don't support the death penalty haven't gotten to feel what it is like to have a brother or parent, child or friend killed. Many peoples view change when they are asked, † If someone you loved was murdered, would you still want them to have life in prison or do them deserve what they did? â€Å". Many people are hit hard by this question, but what would you want? To know that the murderer that killed a loved one gets the same thing that they did to the victim? Or to see them in prison possibly getting an education with our tax money!With DNA testing and the new advancements in forensics there is almost no chance that the accused is really not the killer. Some killers out there have killed seven people or more, and you really want them to get away with it? Than this is not the America our founding father based it on! People deserve the right to know that they don't have to go to bed worrying that the murderer that killed there loved one is out there not getting what they deserve! Just like in the courts of King Hamburg, The convicted deserves the eye for an eye tooth for a tooth treatment.The idea of abolishing the death penalty is corrupt and will ruin the system, many say that the de ath penalty cost more than life in prison, but if all the people on death row are put in for life in prison within 10 years the death penalty cost will look tiny compared to the price of life in prison. .Sam and Andrew are wrong! If we let people like them take control of society who knows? Maybe gay marriage will be legalized and a women can go and abort a baby, as if it is Just a regular part of their daily routine! Getting rid of the death penalty will ruin society!

Compassion fatigue in nursing and how it relates to home health nurses Essay

Compassion fatigue in nursing and how it relates to home health nurses Introduction                   Compassion fatigue is the psychological, spiritual, and bodily exhaustion of nurses, especially those that provide care to patients suffering from high levels of physical and emotional pain (Anewalt, 2009). The phenomenon has been reported in many specialized lines of nursing care, including emergency care, cancer care RNs and casualty staffs (Lombardo & Eyre, 2011). Compassion fatigue has been commonly reported in Care giving nurses, as a unique burnout that limits their ability to show compassion or perform excellently in other spheres of care delivery. The phenomenon of compassion fatigue has been commonly reported among the nurses that provide care at home, especially where the nurse feels that they are not able to stop the pain of their patient (Yoder, 2010). The feelings of being desperate about the inability to manage or halt the suffering of the patient trigger the feelings of distress and guilt among the doctors and patients (Ward-Griffin, St-Am ant & Brown, 2011). This paper will explore the phenomenon of compassion fatigue among the nurses that provide care at home, and the relevance of the subject to nursing practice. Significance and background of Study                   There have been concerns that the nurses that provide home health care to parents, relatives, and friends, especially those providing care to their aging parents are more vulnerable to compassion fatigue. From the Canadian and the US environment, observations include that the years of many nurses have been increasing. The increment of the average nurse’s age further implies advancements in the mean years of their parents. The advancing age of parents and relatives increases their burden of delivering home health care (Aiken, 2007; Newson, 2010). There has also been growing threat that the personal balance between the responsibilities of carrying out their duties at the hospital and caring for their aging parents has been a major issue for healthcare organizations.                   Unfortunately, there are no statistics showing the prevalence of double-duty delivery of care among these nurses. In the current study, the phenomenon of double-duty is conceptualized as working in a healthcare organization or setting, and then offering care at home, to parents or other relatives. However, the studies in the area, give indications that between one-third and half the number of nurses care for their aging relatives and friends (Ward-Griffin et al., 2009). Taking into account that the problem of an aging nursing population and the necessity to provide care to aging relatives correspond with one another. It became apparent that studying the issue of compassion fatigue was necessary (Ward-Griffin et al., 2009; Hsu, 2010). The problem of compassion fatigue in care delivery                   Compassion fatigue is often the effect of finding distinctive constraints in the way of care delivery, whether the limitations are of a psychological, institutional or personal nature (Epstein & Hamric, 2009). These constraints are those that are likely to hinder the process of care delivery, because they inhibit the capacity to do what is considered morally right. One of the individual-based manifestations of the phenomenon includes the feelings of anger, aggravation and guilt/ self-blame, at being unable to deliver maximum care of the sickly or aged patients at home. The root causes of the problem in a nurse’s work and professional life include the self-professed violation of professional or individual-based responsibilities and core values. The problem is usually overtly expressed or manifested, whenever it coincides with the experience of being inhibited from taking the decision and/or action that is thought of, as ethically appropriate.                   From a personal point of view, as a nursing practitioner, the principal values that I feel that I must devote myself to, including my God, family, work, and community. Among the four top focal points that demand my attention emotionally and physically, I have the inherent feeling that is serving the requirements of God and my family are the first priorities, because these social spheres are irreplaceable. The delivery of service to my workplace and the community is different, in that it is a personal choice. For example, it is personal, whether I am satisfied with the work offered by a healthcare facility. The same situation applies to the community of residence because the lack of satisfaction with the social fabric or the values of one society can be solved by moving into another one. One of the unfortunate events that demonstrated the experience of compassion fatigue, was the case that forced me to call in an oncologist friend, so that she could deliv er care to my mother, after I was called in for an emergency at the healthcare centre (McCarthy & Deady, 2008). After being called for the emergency duty, I tried to avoid the task so that I could deliver care to her, but it was unfortunate that the hospital reported having attempted to reach other nurses unsuccessfully.                   At that point, the decision and the emotional turmoil resulted from the feelings that I would be turning away from delivering the best care that I wanted my mother to receive. The home health (personal) responsibility also had to be balanced off with the need to provide care to the at-risk patient facing the risk of death at the hospital. At the end of the ordeal, I had to call the friend, so that she could check on my mother, as I rushed to the hospital to save the patient under emergency care (McCarthy & Deady, 2008). The phenomenon has also been apparent in the cases where I have had to be called in for the facility, while delivering care to the home health clients that have contacted me to offer care outside my official hours of work (Hamric & Blackhall, 2007). Knowledge development around the problem of Compassion fatigue                   In order to continue to develop knowledge for practice improvement in this core area of service delivery, I will explore the fields of nursing that are at higher risks of suffering from compassion fatigue. One of the studies that have been instrumental, and one that will continue to be, is that by Bourassa (2009). The study pointed out that some nursing groups are more vulnerable. The groups that are at a higher risk of suffering from compassion fatigue include social workers, support staff for the victims of domestic violence, oncologists, genetic consultation nurses, and palliative care nurses (Bourassa, 2009). Through the study of the various fields of nursing care delivery, I discovered that they all share some common characteristics, including that they are caregivers for vulnerable groups. The sources of the compassion fatigue are that they all tend to internalize the suffering of the patients suffering from life-threatening conditions and the abus es experienced by the victims of ill-treatment. Other groups that are at high levels of vulnerability to developing compassion fatigue include those that deliver care to helpless patients. These lines of nursing care include those working in the conditions of mental care; end-of-life and pediatrician care (McCarthy & Deady, 2008).                   Towards developing more knowledge and exposure in the professional skills and the discipline needed to deal with the problem of compassion fatigue, I have enrolled in courses on compassion fatigue. Apart from starting a course on compassion fatigue, with the Traumatology Institute, I have joined their professional network, which offers its members with updated information from practice-based research and changing practice dynamics (Traumatologyinstitute, 2014). Further, from a study done by Potter and colleagues (2013), it was found that the training and development delivered through compassion fatigue hardiness courses were effective in increasing a nurse’s knowledge stock. More importantly, the study reported that the programs were effective in improving the nurse’s ability to counter the adverse effects of compassion fatigue. The findings of the study showed that secondary trauma effects reduced drastically, immediately after starting th e resiliency training. Therefore, this will be another important source of education and development, as well as knowledge development for more advanced care delivery. The measures of progress will be the number of training hours accessed, and the scores attained on a variety of scales. This includes the â€Å"IES-R (Impact of Event Scale-Revised) and the ProQOL (professional Quality of Life† levels (Potter et al., 2013). The ProQOL measurement model will be the most critical test, and the analysis tool is included as an appendix at the end of this paper (Baranowsky & Gentry, 2010). Outside resources for knowledge development                   Evaluation of a compassion fatigue resiliency program for oncology nurses. Oncol Nurs Forum, 40 (2), by Potter and colleagues will be an imperative resource for improving my knowledge of compassion fatigue and updated care models. The source will be very helpful because it has reported the effectiveness of resiliency training, which is an important piece of my quality improvement plan.                   The Traumatology Institute, apart from being the provider of the courses I plan to take, on compassion fatigue is paramount. The benefits to be enjoyed from being a member of the institute include that I will get access to their periodic publications, which reported evidence and practice-based findings and information (Traumatologyinstitute, 2014). Potential barriers to knowledge development                   The first primary hindrance is lacking enabling resources and structures. For example, at the health facility I am attached to, there are no resources that can offer useful information on compassion fatigue (Shariff, 2014). The second barrier is monetary, because my finances will limit me from joining more professional institutions and courses like Traumatology Institute. Conclusion                   Compassion fatigue has been defined in many ways, but its key features are psychological and physical exhaustion, due to the provision of care to patients or groups suffering from high levels of pain and suffering. The phenomenon is common among oncologists among other lines of nursing. The issue is crucial to my practice, as a nurse, because I often encounter conflicts between caring for my family and meeting professional demands. Towards the expansion of the knowledge developed around the issue of compassion fatigue, I have joined a learning institution and will be self-administering tests to gauge my levels of compassion fatigue. References Aiken, L. (2007). U.S. Nurse Labor Market Dynamics Are Key to Global Nurse Sufficiency. Health Serv Res, 42 (3 PT 2), 1299-1320. Anewalt, P. (2009). Fired up or burned out? Understanding the importance of professional boundaries in home health care hospice. Home Healthcare Nurse, 27 (10), 591-597. Baranowsky, A.B., & Gentry, E.J. (2010). Trauma Practice, Tools for Stabilization and Recovery (2nd Ed). Oxford: Hogrefe Publishing. Bourassa, D.B. (2009). Compassion fatigue and the adult protective services social worker. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 52, 215-229. Epstein, E., & Hamric, A. (2009). Moral Distress, Moral Residue, and the Crescendo Effect. J Clin Ethics, 20 (4), 330-342. Hamric, A. B., & Blackhall, L. J. (2007). Nurse-Physician Perspectives on the Care of Dying Patients in Intensive Care Units: Collaboration, Moral Distress, and Ethical Climate. Critical Care Medicine, 35 (2), 422-429. Hsu, J. (2010). The relative efficiency of public and private service delivery. World Health Report (2010) Background Paper, 39, 4-9. Lombardo, B., & Eyre, C. (2011). Compassion Fatigue: A Nurse’s Primer. The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 16(1), 1-8. McCarthy, J., & Deady, R. (2008). Moral Distress Reconsidered. Nursing Ethics, 15(2), 254-262. Newson, R. (2010). Compassion fatigue: Nothing left to give. Nursing Management, 41(4), 42-45. Potter, P., Deshields, T., Berger, J. A., Clarke, M., Olsen, S., & Chen, L. (2013). Evaluation of a compassion fatigue resiliency program for oncology nurses. Oncol Nurs Forum, 40(2), 180-7. Shariff, N. (2014). Factors that act as facilitators and barriers to nurse leaders’ participation in health policy development. BMC Nursing, 13, 20. Traumatologyinstitute. (2014). Compassion Fatigue Courses. Traumatology Institute. Retrieved from: http://psychink.com/training-courses/compassion-fatigue-courses/Ward-Griffin, C., St-Amant, O., & Brown, J., (2011). Compassion Fatigue within Double Duty Caregiving: Nurse-Daughters Caring for Elderly Parents. The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 16(1), 1-9. Ward-Griffin, C., Keefe, J., Martin-Matthews, A., Kerr, M., Brown, J.B., & Oudshoorn, A. (2009). Development and validation of the double duty caregiving scale. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 41(3), 108-128. Yoder, E. (2010). Compassion fatigue in nurses. Applied Nursing Research, 23,191-197. Source document

How can we reduce the energy use of computing Essay

How can we reduce the energy use of computing - Essay Example Yeang talks about many features in his article which can effectively help in reducing the level of energy consumption as a result of computer usage (2009). Blackle is one such feature which is meant to provide a front end to Google with black background. Now, more energy is consumed by displaying a white screen than is consumed by a black screen which helps people in adopting an eco-friendly attitude while still having an access to all the information needed by Google. This may appear to be an action of a very ordinary nature, but â€Å"this small tweak to Google has a potential to save 750 Megawatt hours a year.   As of now, they’ve already saved more than a million watt hours with this tool† (Yeang, 2009). According to the shocking facts revealed in a research report regarding energy consumption as a result of desktop computers left on even when they are not being used, â€Å"the energy used by 1,000 workstations in one year is equivalent to 880 barrels of oil, or 43,180 gallons of gasoline† (Stevens, 2008). Now, it is further revealed in the report that consumption of energy on such a large scale results in the release of about 380 tons of carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere, which hugely lays stress on the need to promote greenwashing. Greenwashing refers to the practice of urging the businesses to make their operations eco-friendly and promoting eco-friendly product features. If 380 tons of carbon dioxide gas gets released into the atmosphere, as mentioned earlier, then such energy consumption results in costing the government more than $90,000 if those 1000 desktop computers always remain on. Energy wastage at such a huge level resulting in costing such a huge number of do llars and release of tons of poisonous gases in the atmosphere can simply be reduced significantly by switching off the desktop computers when they are not being used

Economic growth of Japan after 1945 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Economic growth of Japan after 1945 - Term Paper Example The net national savings (NNS) of an economy is calculated from the difference between its gross national savings (GNS) and the rate of depreciation of the capital stock of the economy (Depr). NNS= GNS – Depr. Figure 2: Falling Savings in Japan over Time (Source: â€Å"World Bank†) In the above line diagram, the pink line clearly shows the fall in the net national savings rate in Japan over time. The real interest rate is the rate of interest which is experienced by an investor in the market after compensating for the loss from inflation. The real interest rate (R) is calculated on the basis of the Fischer’s Equation. This equation explains that real interest rate is the simple difference between the nominal interest rate (N) and the inflation rate in an economy (I). R= N – I. The inflation rate for an economy is again calculated from the consumer price index (CPI) of a country. CPI is the simple average of a particular basket of goods and services produce d in nation. I = [CPI(this year) – CPI(last year)] / CPI(last year) (Baumol and Blinder 77). Figure 3: Real Interest Rates of Japan over Time (Source: â€Å"World Bank†) The above graph explains the real interest rate in Japan over the years. The entire quantitative data for the purpose of the research in this paper is taken on annual basis. The data table for the above line graph is given in Table 1 in the Appendix. Solow Model Analysis The Solow Model of growth is based on the concept of long run economic progress within the framework of neo-classical growth model. The neo-classical concept of growth states that a country can grow rapidly over time with the help of capital accumulation, population growth, technological progress and productivity. Figure 4: The Solow Model... According to the view of the neoclassical economists, the technological progress seen in the economy of Japan should have facilitated the growth of its national product. Moreover, the technological progress in the country should have reduced the use of labor in its economy. However, this is not the real scenario in Japans economy. The service sector income of the country contributes to the majority of its national income. In the last few years, Japan also had to face a severe decline in its national income, net domestic savings and real interest rates. This is because, in the real world, the idealistic view of endogenous growth does not exist. The crises of credit and fluid capital in the market have reduced the level of national income in the economy of Japan (Paul 47). The fall in the level of production capabilities has forced to reduce the national income of most of the countries (like Japan) in the world after the global recession. The decline in the national income has, therefo re, resulted in a fall of the per capita income level of the country. The fall in the income level is in turn responsible for the decline in the net domestic savings in Japan (Mankiw and Taylor 132). As the gross amount of savings in Japan has fallen over time, the number of investment opportunities in the country has also declined. After the emergence of globalization and liberalization in the world economy, the prices of most of the goods and services in the market are determined by the free market forces of demand and supply.

CVS Company Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

CVS Company - Assignment Example CVS Company was started in 1963 by Stanley and Sidney Goldstein and Ralph Hoagland. By 1964, the company had 17 stores in the States. Initially, the company sold health and beauty products but in 1967 ventured into the pharmaceutical world with its first pharmacy in Rhode Island. Melville Corporation bought CVS in 1969 and by 1974, the company had made $100 million annual sales. 11 years later, the company reached a billion dollars in annual sales. In 1994 the company introduced PharmaCare, a health insurance cover for their employees. By 1997 CVS had more than 2500 stores all over the States. Having become one of the companies to complete the acquisition or Revco, the company was granted major drugstore locations in the Midwest and Southeast. Since then, the company has grown tremendously penetrating many of the States in the US. The firm pioneered the introduction of the loyalty card program, Extra Care Card for its customers. (CVS Caremark Company history 2012) CVS company move to stop selling tobacco products has led to another great loss in the companys sales as they stand to lose approximately 2 billion dollars every year amounting to a 3% loss. Quitting selling tobacco products is one of the reasons why CVS has been unable to provide its tobacco smoking customers with their usual products. The company argues that they are considering a healthy approach that benefits both them and their customers. But with this decision, many of the customers purchasing tobacco products are forced to find alternatives elsewhere or quit smoking altogether. (Paul 2014) In 2011, CVS had a shortage of several products from Johnson & Johnsons. Consumers were told of the shortages which included Motrin, Pepcid AC, Rolaids, Neutrogena skin care products, children’s Tylenol liquid and Tylenol drugs for adults. A department at Johnsons & Johnsons, the McNeil Consumer Healthcare, recalled millions of the J&J products following a quality control problem in its product lines. Some products were suspected of containing metal while others were reported of having a moldy smell within their bottles.

Book Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Book Review - Essay Example Therefore the author tries to bring out that the use of these social tools has significant importance in improving business operations and more importantly creating your own social nation and individual, manager or a team leader. The book is generally written on the marketing, business and economics point of view. In these identified perspectives in which the book is written a social assessment of employees, managers and leaders is provided where they can evaluate scientifically their personal competencies and social skills. The author brings a conceptual framework of this relying on well-known case studies in the corporate business world on how the social principles and practices can be adopted by businesses in order to succeed. The author gives information, explaining and convincing the readers and the audience that the underlying social strategies and principles are very essential to the organization. They are essential because it helps integrate the social skills into the leaders hip practices and managerial operations of the organization (Libert 96). It helps organizations to overcome challenges and risks faced by organizations in becoming successful. They aid in gaining competitive advantage and social intelligence through listening, measuring and understanding outcomes of the investments in relation to partners, employees and customers. The social practices and strategies ensure that new social leadership forms is adopted in the various departments in the organization. Finally, the author brings this importance by asserting that organizations are able to realize the return on investments and the economic benefits that can be accrued from the development of new goods and services. Therefore, it can be argued that the author through social nation convinces the audience that they have the opportunity to be part of the social nation community so that they share experiences with social individuals and other various leaders in the corporate world. The key major target audiences are the business operations players including managers, team leaders, employees, customers and partners. This is arrived because the book emphasizes on building the future business by creating good interactions between communities, customers, partners and employees. The author passes the message that social and emotional connections are important in attracting and keeping employees as well as customers establishing a growing, viable and profitable business (Libert 136). Social nation notably adopts innovative technologies, embracing new revolution and new sources of business revenues thus transforming the organization. The author has adopted a formal style whereby he is coherent passing the intended purpose with clarity and originality from the ascribed subjects notably marketing. He has also used correctly the underlying technical words which are major components of fullness and development. This style has contributed greatly to the book passing the intended messa ge and reaching the intended audience effectively. The book contributes greatly in knowledge development when it comes into building

Reserach proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Reserach proposal - Essay Example The postmodern media revolution could only aggravate the situation further with, especially since 9/11 disaster, misrepresentations and distorted images of Islam and Muslims gaining unprecedented and higher visibilities in the Western public spheres. However, despite the seeming ruptures this process of representation and misrepresentation has a definite historical and political backdrop embedded within huge cultural politics spanned across the centuries, ever since negotiations of different sorts had commenced between the Christian and Muslim cultures. This project attempts to study about western perceptions of Islam especially since the middle ages to the contemporary times and the surrounding cultural politics, both international and domestic. The specific objectives of the study are: 1. To deconstruct the meaning and understanding of Islam and Muslim culture at large as they are predominantly represented within the western culture – since the medieval to modern times. 2. T o throw light upon the historical and political backdrop and the cultural elements invariably involved in the production of knowledge about Islam and its culture in the west. 3. ... The attempt is precisely oriented towards exposing the hidden cultural politics behind stereotyping a whole culture and on what basis such stereotypes get reception and get reproduced over different periods of time. Contextualising the project and review of literature As I mentioned earlier the proposed project shall focus on the image of Islam in the West from the medieval ages to the present. The study is immensely significant since the â€Å"West must deal with Islam as a growing social, political and religious reality† (Quinn, 2008: 17). A significant development in the recent global politics, especially in the aftermath of the 9/11 incidents and the recent war on Iraq and the related events, is the emergence of a fungible notion of Islam and terrorism. Issues pertaining to Islam are already finding their place in the cutting edge of political, military and economic interests of the West. The terrain is much complicated, and still adds onto it, with the fact that a great d eal of ignorance about Islam and its culture in general is further manipulated by those in the political forefronts in the West to build upon a historically and culturally constructed notion of hostility and incongruity between Islam and Christian cultures. The images, representations, and perceptions of Islam are â€Å"abound in the academic and popular press† throughout the twentieth-century world (Mirza, 2007: 2). Perhaps with the intellectual and technological changes, together with the recent historical events in the contemporary Muslim world, greater attention to certain institution or faith such as Islam has become widely possible (Esposito, 1999: ix). Bassiri (2010) has traced this synonymous usage between Islam and terrorism back to the age of Reagan

Understanding ecological models Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Understanding ecological models - Assignment Example The ecological perpsective of health promotion is an approach that recognizes the interconnectedness of people with their physical and socio-cultural environments. Ecological approaches are so effective because they involve the most factors and determinants of healthFor example, anti-smoking campaigns aimed at teens in South African found that teen smoking rates were linked with a lack of recreational facilities and whether or not the teen's parents smoked. Limitations of the ecological approach include: -Difficult to implement multi-level approaches.-Health care professionals unfamiliar with these – usually just individual approaches.-large amounts of enegry, creativity, and patience.-Challenging and expensive to changealready built enviornments, especially if those environments (i.e. buildings) are privately owned.-†Operationalizing the general princiapls of evological models for specific behaviours is a challenging but essential step.†The purpose of the paper by Elder et. Al (2007) is: to describe a framwork that would be used to guide an individual study.The integration of a wide number of contributing theories into Elder et. al's ecological framework is valuable because Gathers a wider range and depth of knowledge to the framework.â€Å"Theories that helped guide and inform the TAAG SE model are operant conditioning, social cognitive theory (SCT) and organizational change theory,including diffusion of innovations. These theories are incorporated into the TAAG model (see Fig. 1), which serves to put all relevant theories into a unified whole. The model, then, informs the intervention development by providing its theoretical grounding." 6. Sallis and Owen (2002; p468) the components of the TAAG model fulfill the "principles of ecological approaches to health behaviour change" to the extent that contributing theories such as social cognative theory and organizational change theory are included within the model. HPRM3000: Portfolio Task 3 Health Priorities and the Importance of Populations 1. This kind of research so important for health promotion because demographic, and distribution information on health matters is vital for informed health policy creation and implementation. 2. The description, strengths and weaknesses of the DALY are: "Health loss expressed as disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and presented as proportions of total DALYs and DALY rates (crude and agestandardised) per 1000 population." " One DALY is equivalent to one lost year of healthy life and represents the gap between current health status and an ideal situation" Links to a format used by The World Bank (allows for ease of international comparision of data). A disadvantage is that it is a "created" and not a "real" mesaurement. ii) In Australia, the progressive increase in body mass is strongly associated with an increase in Type II Diabetes. As these connected risk factors and issues have been getting worse, instead of better, new more effective strageties are required. Two other areas: women's mental health and Aboriginal peoples (especially those in the NT) require immediate, planned progressive health promotion action. 7. a) Stephen R Leeder, Susan U Raymond and Henry M Greenberg Poverty and Human Development The need for leadership in global health. The Medical Journal of Australia. MJA 2007; 187 (9): 532-535 b) Global Leadership in health is present in Australia. This has resulted in deeper and more informed ecological health policies that have lead to concrete action to prevent futher diseases from global climate change. (This is a topic that is just now recieving global attention as a health issue.) 8. International Health Risks In the early 1980s, London School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene epidemiologist Geoffrey Rose suggested another reason why the intrapopulation studies might fail to detect benefits of salt reduction that could still have a significant public health impact. Rose

Their eyes were watching God has been called an awakening Essay

Their eyes were watching God has been called an awakening novel.Discuss the meaning of this term and relate it to janie - Essay Example Janie returns her hometown draggled and tired out. Everyone is astonished to see her in this condition. She becomes the subject of criticism for porch sitters who gossip outside her friend Pheoby and her husband Sam Watson’s home. However, Pheoby defends her and tries to comfort her by asking her what has happened during the last few months. She takes Janie to her house and offers her food and comfort and empathically listens to her story. A theme of judgment thus develops in the story. Porch sitters judged Janie in a wrong way by using harsh words and criticizing her past actions and current looks, whereas Pheoby, being a nice human and a good friend, chose to comfort her. Obviously Pheoby’s choice and actions were a lot better than those of the porch sitters. Janie begins telling her story from her early childhood when she used to live with her grandmother Nanny. One day she was in the backyard of her home when a boy named Johnny Taylor meets her and kisses her. After watching this grandma decides that Janie should get married to a capable man who can look after her and protect her. So she decides to marry her to Logan Killicks who is a much older man and can offer Janie protection and a potato farm. The author Hurston compares Janie’s life with a tree stating, "Janie saw her life like a great tree in leaf with the things suffered, things enjoyed, things done, and undone." (Chapter 2, Paragraph 1, Page 8) thus emphasizing the fact that Janie experienced sexual awakening in her grandma’s backyard as she is amazed at the blooming pear tree. Hurston uses metaphors for Janie to express her beauty by stating, "She had glossy leaves and bursting buds and she wanted to struggle with life but it seemed to elude her." (Chapter 2, Paragraph 15, Page 11). In The Awakening, Edna is already married but she falls in love with another man, Robert. â€Å"There was Robert’s reproach making itself felt by a quicker, fiercer, more overpowerin g love, which had awakened within her toward him† (Chopin, 1899, pg219). After her marriage with Logan, Janie didn’t find the true love she was looking for. She visits her home seeking grandma’s advice saying, "Ah wants things sweet wid mah marriage lak when you sit under a pear tree and think" (Chapter 3, Paragraph 26, Page 23). But grandma just gives her a wait-and-see advice. This first marriage has only brought unhappiness and loneliness for Janie. At this point her dream of love and felicity dies and she begins to understand that "marriage did not make love." (Chapter 3, Paragraph 31, Page 25) Logan disregarded all of Janie’s feelings and desire for love and wanted her just to work on his farm like his first wife. Their relationship soon starts to get worse. Janie once told Logan, "If you can stand not to chop wood and tote wood Ah reckon you can stand not to git no dinner." (Page 45). Janie then meets Joe, a stylish and sophisticated man. After havin g been talking for many days they finally decide to run away and get married to each other. They arrive in town and get married. Soon Joe is elected as the mayor of the town and he gets himself busy in building and developing his new town, paying little or no attention to his wife’

Jackson Pollock Essay Example for Free

Jackson Pollock Essay There are several artists who have influenced my work and my passion for the arts. One of my favorite is Jackson Pollock. Pollocks works inspire me to be creative even if my creativity is random. â€Å"Jackson Pollack was an American artist who had an important influence on modern painting as an important figure in the abstract expressionist movement.†(World Book) Jackson Pollock was born January 28, 1912 in Cody, Wyoming into a family of four boys with Jackson being the youngest. His family moved to California where his father worked for the government as a surveyor. In 1930 Jackson joined his eldest brother Charles in New York City where he attended the Art Students League. There Pollack studied under Thomas Hart Benton. It was at the Art Student League that he first started dabbling in art. Some of his first works were â€Å"sketches using twisted counter shifts modeled after European artist such as Michelangelo, Rubens, and one of his personal favorites El Greco.† (nga.gov) He also experimented in pottery. He made several ceramic pieces like vases, bowls and plates. Most of the bowls he created were donated to Mrs. Benton Thomas Benton’s wife to sell for profits to help benefit the struggling artist in the area. The paintings created during 1931-1934 like Going West or Bird is examples of abstract expressionism. Growing up in the west Pollack painted several pieces with western scenes. â€Å"He made spasmodic trips to that area after he came to live in New York as a young man and his consciousness was conditioned, always, by early memories of the West.†(Robertson, B.) At first glance the early collection might be overlooked for a piece by an amateur painter because at the time he was an amateur painter. As his craft grew so did his painting style and theme. His works begin to reflect his sporadic emotions. â€Å"Jackson Pollock said regarding his art When I am in a painting, Im not aware of what Im doing. It is only after a sort of get acquainted period that I see what I have been about. I have no fears about making changes, destroying the image, etc, because the painting has a life of its own. I try to let it come through. It is only when I lose contact with the painting that the result is a mess. Otherwise there is pure harmony, an easy give and take, and the painting comes out well.(1artclub) Although he is now a famous artist and his works are studied and collected by many, Pollock did not acquire fame easily and there was much sacrificed on behalf of all those who loved and cared for and about him and his works. He suffered from alcoholism and depression. Like so many artist unfortunately, his work was significantly more appreciated after his tragic death. In the movie Pollack Jackson is portrayed to be a bit manic and known to have random backlashes and outburst stemming from his drinking, especially when his art was the subject of discussion. Critics struggled to identify what his exact style was and Jackson refused to identify it. This was part of the reason he was critically judged thorough out his career. After leaving the Art League School Pollack became a member of the League and took on a job for the mural commission of Indiana. â€Å"In 1937 Jackson began psychiatric treatment for his alcoholism.† (O’Connor, F.) During this period of his life he worked for the Works Project Administration (WPA) â€Å"He was required to submit for allocation one painting about every eight weeks, depending on its size and his normal rate of production â€Å"(O’Connor, F. ) for eight years. He would make approximately $7,800. Jackson meets Lee Krasner, a fellow surrealist in the American art world who had heard of Pollack and wanted to meet him before participating in an art show together. It was not until many years later that the two would marry. Lee Krasner was Pollock’s biggest supporter, best friends and love of his life. She understood Pollack in ways even he did not. Pollocks work had a strong Native American theme, which came from traveling with his father as a surveyor for the US government. An example of one of these pieces is Guardians of the Secret which he showed in his first one man show, sponsored by Miss Guggenheim. In this painting there is what appears to be a dead animal or person with a mask on, perhaps a wolf head. I think this may be a sacrifice or an accident cover up. It looks like four people standing around a tomb or table have a discussion. One of the figures seems to have a crown on. All of the figures have animalistic mask or maybe paint on their faces. On the tomb or table it looks like scribbles or an ancient script. The manly also resemble totems poles. The painting could be if a burial, or a ritual. Whatever the case it is a beautiful painting and like most of Pollock works the meaning is left up to the viewer. As Pollock continued to mature as an artist so did his work. In 1943 Pollock signed a one year contract with Peggy Guggenheim an avid art collector and owner of a museum-gallery called Art of This Century. The contract stipulated he receive â€Å"$150 a month and a settlement at the end of the year if more than $2700 worth of paintings were sold, allowing one third to the gallery. If less than this amount were realized, Miss Guggenheim would receive paintings to make-up the difference.†(O’Connor, F.) Pollack was also promised a one man show and a commission for a mural he would paint in Miss Guggenheims home. In 1950-1951 Pollock began painting in black and white. This is said to be the climax of Pollock’s inspiration. Unlike other artist Pollock numbered his paintings instead of naming all of them. When he was inspired he painted pictures at such a rate a number system was the best way to keep track of what he was producing. â€Å"Number Thirty Two, in particular, should be considered as a twentieth-century masterpiece: a perpetual mobile of whiplash line which has, in its cool muscularity, something of the improvisatory nature of jazz† (Robertson, B.) Soon after this period Pollock developed the black and white theme further into his splatter painting or drip painting as he was nicknamed â€Å"Jack the Dripper† by Time magazine in 1956. The first of this series was Lavender Mist. Pollock had created an international sensation of action painting. â€Å"Harold Rosenberg, described it, the canvas now became an arena in which to act, instead of a space in which to represent a real or imagined object, as it had been traditionally.† ( Busignani, A.) In 1946 Pollock and his wife moved to the East Hamptons. He would spend the remaining years of his life in a drunken violent rage. In 1956 Jackson Pollock was drunk driving when he had a violent accident that would take his and two other lives. His struggling career and unexpected death contribute to his legendary art status. Reference http://www.1artclub.com/going-west-by-jackson-pollock/ http://www.nga.gov/feature/pollock/artist1.shtm O’Connor, Francis. â€Å"Jackson Pollock† Museum of Modern Art. New York. 1967 Robertson, Bryan. â€Å"Jackson Pollock† Library of Congress. Harry N. Abrams Inc. New York. 1960. World Book Encyclopedia, 2002, v15. P. p. 646

Assessment Methods Essay Example for Free

Assessment Methods Essay The 12 principles of Good Assessment and Feedback were produced by Academic Policy Committee and agreed by Senate in 2008. They are intended to help academic staffs who wishes to promote student engagement and self-regulation in learning http://www. strath. ac. uk/learnteach/teaching/staff/assessfeedback/12principles/16. 30on 12/05/2010 The principles of good assessment are Help clarify what good performance is. Encourage time and effort on challenging learning tasks. Deliver high quality feedback information that helps learners self-correct. Provide opportunities to close any gap between current and desired performance. Ensure that summative assessment has a positive impact on learning. Encourage interaction and dialogue around learning (peer and teacher-student) Facilitate the development of self-assessment and reflection in training Give choice in the topic, method, criteria, weighting or timing of assessments Involve students in decision-making about assessment policy and practice Support the development of learning communities Encourage positive motivational beliefs and self-esteem. Provide information to teachers that can be used to shape teaching. `An assessment must be consistent, accessible, detailed, earned and transparent. These principles form the acronym CADET. ( Linda Wilson 2009) C-Consistent A-Accessible D-Detailed E-Earned T-Transparent There are certain basic assessment rules. Though there are different ways of assessing anyone assessing should have something to measure on. In my classes these are given by the awarding body The Association of Business Executives. The assessments have o be valid and relevant ,reliable, authentic, sufficient, objective and power of Discrimination. Assessment relationships to The following assessment methods are used for my Diploma students in Level 5 in Economics class and the assessment methods encompass these principles. (MCQ) Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) MMMMMMMMCQ)) Multiple choice questions Advantages Often referred to as objective tests (in terms of their marking), this method can sample a wide range of knowledge and memory quickly and has the potential for measuring understanding, analysis, problem solving skills and evaluative skills. There are a wide variety of formats from true/false to reason/assertion. Multiple Choice Questions are easy to mark and analyse results. They are useful in terms of their ease of administration with large numbers of students, especially where marking is to be done by assistants rather than the test-setter. Computer marking and web-administered tests for Multiple Choice Questions are well-established. They are also useful for self assessment and screening. Multiple Choice Questions have potentially high reliability, validity and manageability, and feedback to students is fast. Constructivism calls for the elimination of grades and standardized testing. Instead, assessment becomes part of the learning process so that students play a larger role in judging their own progress. Short Answer questions Advantages A standard method using slightly less structured questions than those in Multiple Choice Questions. They are frequently used in the mock examination conducted by me to award a few marks as a starter, which is then followed by a question which requires more writing. Although they have the potential for measuring analysis, application of knowledge, problem-solving and evaluative skills, more often than not their construction means they only test the lower cognitive levels. Marking to model answers is relatively fast compared with marking problems but not compared with Multiple Choice Questions. They are convenient to use when a number of assessors will mark the papers, and all alternatives can be considered. Marking for feedback (e. g. with formative assessment) can be relatively fast. Single Essay Examination: These are relatively easy to set and can test a wide range of abilities including capacity to draw on a wide range of knowledge, to synthesise and to identify recurrent themes. Marking for grading is relatively fast providing the criteria are simple. Essays: These are applicable to any topic that requires the ability to construct and sustain a written argument. There are several types of essays that test different styles of writing and types of thinking. They can measure understanding, synthesis and evaluation, providing you asks the right questions. They are relatively easy to set and mark for grading based on impressionistic marking is fast. However, it is essential to determine the marking scheme before you start marking and then share it with the students — or better still, get them involved in drawing up the marking criteria/scheme and/or suggesting additional personal criteria. It is also worth having a formal student peer-review system on drafts prior to submission. Case Studies: These can range from simple vignettes illustrating issues in the practice of a discipline, through to complex sets of documentation which may require analysis and research. Solutions can range from short answer questions to complex plans or proposals. They have potential for measuring application of knowledge, analysis, problem-solving, evaluative skills and principles applicable to real-world situations. They can reach all the way up Blooms taxonomy to synthesis and evaluation levels. Short cases are relatively easy to design and mark. Marking for grading and feedback are about as fast as essay marking. They can provide useful information for formative purposes, including diagnosis of problems, because answering the questions or meeting the requirements is often a multistage process. Cases are generally best used in conjunction with several other methods. They often overlap and move into simulations and they can also form the basis of project briefs, and lend themselves to collaborative learning. Projects: These are good for all-round ability testing. There is the potential for sampling a wide range of practical, analytical and interpretative skills, as well as the wider application of knowledge, understanding and skills to real/simulated situations. They can provide a measure of project and time management. Group projects can provide a measure of teamwork skills and leadership. Motivation teamwork can be high. Learning gains can be high particularly if reflective learning is part of the criteria. They test methods and processes as well as end results. Projects allow students to contextualise ideas or material by applying them to practical instances. Educational assessment is reasoning from observations of what students do or make in a handful of particular circumstances, to what they know or can do more broadly. Practice has changed a great deal over the past century, in response to evolving conceptions of knowledge and its acquisition, views of schooling and its purposes, and technologies for gathering and evaluating response data. Conceptions of what constitutes assessment data, how it should be interpreted, and what kind of inferences is to be drawn can differ radically under different psychological perspectives. We see greater continuity, however, when we distinguish the structure of assessment arguments from their substance. Developments here have been more in the nature of extensions, elaborations, and refinements, as they have been prompted by changes in culture and substance. Problems: This method has the potential for measuring application, analysis and problem solving strategies. Marking for grading of easy problems is fast but marking of complex problems can be slow. Variation between markers is fairly low when based on model answers or marking schemes but you need to allow for creative, valid solutions by bright students. Student Peer Assessment: This is an area which can develop students’ judgemental and evaluative skill and is helping them along the road to being critically reflective practitioners. But students need to be involved in criteria setting to some extent at least in terms of a discussion of the criteria and their appropriacy in terms of the learning outcomes. Computer based assessment: Much talked about but still mostly of the MCQ and short-answer type which can mark and analyse results quickly. More recently this area has expanded to include mathematical problems and simulations. Reliability is high. Indeed, Crisp and Green Lister (2001) point out that on reviewing social work education literature there seems to be far less emphasis on assessment of classroom-based learning than of learning in field settings. David Boud, Enhancing learning through self assessment,1989 Routledge Falmer Crisp, B. R. Green Lister, P. (2001). Assessment methods in social work education: A review of the literature. Social Work Education, 21(2), 259-270.

Analysing Homelessness In Australia

Analysing Homelessness In Australia Over the past few decades, mechanisms of social exclusion and social control have made it increasingly hard for Australias homeless. Many texts discuss the issue of defining homelessness and it is now widely accepted there are several different kinds. Here, I will be talking primarily about Primary homelessness, which is also known as sleeping rough, where people sleep in cars, parks or other public spaces (Which Way Home? 2008: 18). On average around 105,000 people are homeless in Australia each night and around 15% of these are rough sleeper (The Road Home 2008: 3). The majority of homeless people list financial difficulty, domestic violence, family breakdown or substance abuse as the main causes of their homeless status (Which Way Home? 2008: 20). Homelessness remains a particular problem among Australias Indigenous people, who are over represented in their use of homeless services in all states and territories (Which Way Home? 2008: 20). While homelessness itself is not illegal in Australia, many acts committed by the homeless are, such as public urination, public drunkenness and the possession of illegal drugs. Criminalization of the homeless occurs because these people lack the private space in which to engage in these behaviours. Governments assume that by removing the homeless from public spaces that they are reducing crime and creating safe streets for the law abiding public. However, as illustrated above, the crimes the homeless commit do not generally hurt others or damage property. They are breaking specific laws that have been created by the government which are enforced to exclude certain groups of society from specific public spaces, notably the spaces that the wealthy inhabit. Criminalizing the homeless for behavior that is unavoidable in their situation is not simply poor public policy; it also places unnecessary stress on the criminal justice system. Criminalizing the homeless also leaves the law enforcement officials to deal with related issues, such as issues such as mental illness and alcoholism (citation). Alcoholism is an issue that is common among the homeless population and it is a condition that often intensifies as a result of being homeless. Criminalizing the homeless for being drunk on the streets does not treat the problem, nor does it assist the police in cleaning up the streets. It is often found is that homeless alcoholics use rehabilitation centres as shelter services, but have little intention of treating their addiction (Wilhite 1992: 190). This indicates that the provision of suitable housing is a prerequisite to treating alcoholism. Once suitably housed, alcoholics have an increased chance of using alcohol rehabilitation services effectively. However, as suitable housing becomes increasingly scarce, the homeless are released from the justice system and back on to the street, where the cycle is then repeated. Homelessness has also increased significantly among the mentally ill in recent decades. This has been attributed to discontinuity in mental health services where individuals are transferred from an institutional to community living (Conover et al. 1997: 256). This burden of care has shifted from mental hospitals to the community; however, development of housing and community services has not kept up with the demand (Greenblatt 1992: 49). The outcome here is that many of Australias mentally ill have ended up are end up on the streets and are criminalized for behaviours that are symptoms of their illness. Once again, nobody benefits from the existing system. Our mentally ill are left untreated and our criminal justice system gets increasingly clogged with cases of minor offences that have harmed no one. Debate surrounding the causes of homelessness often relates to two factors: the first are socio-structural factors, which are concerned with changing labour markets, poverty, the housing system, and the nature of the welfare state (Greenhalgh et al. 2007: 643). The second are individualist and psychological factors that reflect individual agency, including alcohol dependence, substance abuse or social and behavioural problems (ibid). While it is now widely agreed by researchers that homelessness is a process where these factors combine and contribute to an individuals risk, this view does not appear to reflect the situation as portrayed by the media. In her Australian study, Carole Zufferey found that media representations of the homeless were strongly influenced by conservative agendas that emphasised individual responsibility (Zufferey 2008: 359). Media representations generally construct deserving and undeserving homeless and focus more on individualist causes than structural ones (Zufferey 2008: 359). As the media play a key role in shaping public understanding of social issues, these attitudes are often shared by the Australian public. A perception common in contemporary Australia is that homelessness is a lifestyle choice and that homeless people choose not to take advantage of services that are available to them. This sort of thinking was demonstrated recently when Opposition leader Tony Abbott was asked whether he would continue with the Rudd Governments goal of halving homelessness by 2020 (The Road Home 2008: viii). In his response Abbott quoted the bible, from the Gospel of Matthew The poor will always be with us in an effort to demonstrate that the government cannot assist those who choose to be homeless (citation). This blatantly illustrates his lack of understanding of the issue, one that is shared by many Australians. As Morse (1992: 13) puts it The choice to become homeless is not an affirmation of an ideal lifestyle, but a means to obtain a sense of self control and dignity when faced with a lack of meaningful, safe or viable living alternatives. Australians seem to have a range of ideological constructions surrounding the homeless, that they are lazy, dirty and untrustworthy, for example. These assist the processes and practices that exclude homeless people from social life and limit their ability to participate in society. When examining a widespread, public issue such as homelessness, it is important to look at the discourses that are at play, when policy is being implemented. Discourse refers to the rules, systems and procedures which help produce and form knowledge about the world (Hook 2001: 522). The rules of discourse govern the way that a topic can be meaningfully talked and thought about. It is therefore linked to the exercise of power, because it ensures the reproduction of the social system, through forms of selection, exclusion and domination (Young 1981: 49; Hook 2001: 522). In relation to homelessness there are many conflicting and overlapping discourses to be taken into account. Here, I will cover discourses relating to neo liberalism, personal responsibility, individualism and obligation in relation to homelessness policy. In policy responses, there is often a common sense assumption that all citizens aspire to be competitive, independent, self responsible, hardworking and morally autonomous individuals (Zufferey 2008: 362). In Australia, there is an unspoken assumption that these are the qualities needed for citizenship. This is evident in that the overall aim in many policies and services is for individuals to be governed into a state where they can self-regulate their behavior without the need for direct intervention by the state (Gilbert 2008: 109). In 2008, two policy papers were created by the Australian government in response to the current situation. The first was Which Way Home: A New Approach to Homelessness which aimed to examine a range of perspectives on homelessness in order to inform further policy (Which Way Home? 2008: 8). From this, a second paper was developed, entitled The Road Home: A National Approach to Reducing Homelessness which outlined the governments strategies for the future. Throughout both of these texts, there is the heavy promotion of moving people into the paid labour market, so they can be independent members of society. In Which Way Home, it states Stable long-term employment should be the ultimate goal for most . . . . With proper support, people can become more resilient and better able to manage their personal, financial and housing needs, and gain the confidence and skills they need to participate in mainstream economic and social life. (Which Way Home 2008: 14) While the aim of many of the proposed programs is to support clients by improving their independent living skills, they are still deeply embedded with assumptions about control, surveillance, containment, independence and self-determination (Greenhalgh 2007: 646). It is important to question who benefits from these programs and whose interests are being served. Is it the homeless who will benefit from these policies, or are they implemented for the bourgeoisie, who feel threatened by the presence of others who do not conform to the status quo? Policy responses such as those listed above may also be seen as an attempt to reduce expectations of what the state will provide by promoting the ideas of the personal responsibilities required for citizenship (Beresford et al. 1996: 179). Neo liberalist discourse appears to be pervasive throughout the proposed policies which are littered with management orientated methods and techniques (Anker 2008: 37). It can be seen that such methods are being implemented in the interest of efficiency and productivity, as opposed concern and assistance for people who have a range of problems and lack the tools that allow them to participate in social life. There is a sense that these individuals are seen as objects of policy as opposed to people who need care and resources. Policy makers also seem unaware that these people often do not lack the competence to participate in society; however their participation is undermined by dominant culture and ideologies that prevent them from doing so (Beresford et al. 1996: 193). Legitimation crisis A shortage of affordable housing has been identified as a major contributing factor to homelessness in Australia. Increased house prices and rentals have put financial pressure on both individuals and families and some find they are unable to afford their current living arrangements.Between 2002 and 2007, the number of families seeking assistance from homeless services in Australia increased by 30 per cent (Which Way Home 2008:12). This suggests that policy responses to housing in Australia are under developed and indicates that affordable housing for those in low income brackets is in extremely short supply. The government played a key role in creating this shortage by reducing its investment in public housing over recent years. It is estimated that between 1994 and 2004 government funding for the Commonwealth State Housing Agreement (CSHA) fell by 54 per cent in real terms (Judd et al. 2005: 246). This demonstrates where the governments priorities lie. Instead of investing in housing, which would assist the homeless and many low income earners, they continue to reduce their spending in this area. Certainly in the Howard years, this could be seen as a strategy to create a budget surplus, which could then be distributed via tax cuts that disproportionately benefit the wealthy. Homelessness is sometimes viewed as a complex problem attributed to the clients, not to the systems they have access to (Conover et al. 1997: 258). However, as demonstrated, policies and infrastructure which aim to reduce its prevalence are often under developed, impractical and show a lack of insight into the lives of those they are designed to help. Even if the infrastructure was developed, it wouldnt stop the government and the public acting on pre-existing discourses that say that homeless people are not entitled to participate in society Numerous and diverse factors contribute to homelessness in Australia. Homelessness has been maintained in the past due to ideological constructions that promote processes of exclusion (Morse 1992: 14) and by the absence of policy responses committed to reducing its prevalence. Future challenges lie in the further development of existing policies and integration of services and programs that together can provide comprehensive and innovative solutions to homelessness. Further understanding of the issue through research will also contribute to better policies and help to address practices that lead to social exclusion. 16 February, 2010 Bible bashing the homeless, Abbott style MICHAEL PERUSCO February 16, 2010 http://www.smh.com.au/opinion/bible-bashing-the-homeless-abbott-style-20100215-o2tj.html

Essay --

Advantages and Limitations of the Conventional Brick Manufacturing Methods:- The brick making process starts with the preparation of the clay with which the bricks will be made. This clay is then molded into the specified dimensions. There are two types of molding-Slop Molding & Sand Molding. Once dried, these molded bricks are transferred to a fire kiln where the bricks are subjected to a very high temperature to harden them. Now-a-days new manufacturing methods are replacing the conventional ones and some are still in practice. It’s because the conventional methods have some advantages as well as some disadvantages in some or other step. Based upon their disadvantages and advantages either they are being replaced by new methods or are still in practice. The advantages and disadvantages of these steps could be as follows:- Preparation of the Clay:- The right type of clay is extracted from the ground. This clay contains hard lumps in it. To get smooth, soft and moist mixture which contains no hard lump, the clay is treated. The treatment is done in two steps:-Tempering and mixing. In Tempering, water is added in exact proportions based on the clay quality in the tempering process and left for around 1 to 5 days which softens and lumps. Conventionally clay pits are flooded with water for tempering purpose (excess water added). It could seem better way for the digging becomes easier but in terms of the strength of the final brick, with which we can’t play much, it’s a big disadvantageous approach. Instead we should dig the soil first and then mix adequate amount of water to it. This step is followed by Mixing to break big lumps and to homogenize the softened clay mixture. The mixing could be done mechanically, by the use of some ani... ... Types of Conventional Bricks The Building bricks are classified based upon their strength which is directly affected by the baking temperature. So the less baked brick is of poor quality and vice versa. These are termed as A/B grade bricks in Indian countryside. Now-a-days the A grade bricks cost is around INR 3500 per 1000 bricks and around INR 2500 for B grade bricks. There are other types of bricks also like Facing Bricks, Glazed Bricks etc. The price of these bricks is highly varying based upon the properties you want to have like texture, color, heat resistance etc. References:- 1. http://www.gate-international.org/documents/publications/webdocs/pdfs/bas-tb11e.pdf 2. http://forest.mtu.edu/pcforestry/resources/studentprojects/bricks/process.htm 3. ‘Village Level Brick-Making’ by Anne Beamish & Will Donovan. 4. http://www.brickability.co.uk/products/bricks.htm

The History and Future of Computers :: Technology

The History and Future of Computers Computers have been around for many decades, doing tasks such as counting much faster than any human could ever do. The first computers were so inefficient compared to the computers we have today, they couldn’t do half of what computers can do today. Some say that computers aren’t the way of the future, while others say that computers will bring civilization to a new era, a more complex, and magnificent place, where our wildest dreams will become a reality. The first computers ever built were so big that they took up many classroom size rooms. The only thing that these computers could do, were count numbers and do simple calculations. One of the major problems with these computers was the fact that the vacuum tubes inside of them would always need replacing. The vacuum tubes would burn up due to the tremendous amount of heat that these computers gave off. In today’s world, the computers that are on the market today are a million times faster than the computers that were first invented many decades ago. The computers that we use can perform many complex applications in seconds. Computers run factories, keep our planes up in the sky, and educate our young ones. Computers today, are much smaller than previous computers to come on the market. As the years go by and technology improves, scientists have been able to find ways to make smaller components to build computers with. It is said that the transistors count of computers doubles every eighteen months. [1] If this is the case, than there is no telling what the future may hold for computers, all I can say is that computers will continue to get smaller and smaller, and faster and faster with no signs of stopping. Some people believe that computers are taking over society, others think that America would be a better place, if we didn’t relay on computers as much as we do. Some time ago when computers were still new, people said that there wouldn’t be that much need for them on the market, experts said that people wouldn’t have enough time, to sit down and use a computer, while others said that computers will never ever be small enough for families to own. Popular Mechanics magazine states â€Å"Where . . The History and Future of Computers :: Technology The History and Future of Computers Computers have been around for many decades, doing tasks such as counting much faster than any human could ever do. The first computers were so inefficient compared to the computers we have today, they couldn’t do half of what computers can do today. Some say that computers aren’t the way of the future, while others say that computers will bring civilization to a new era, a more complex, and magnificent place, where our wildest dreams will become a reality. The first computers ever built were so big that they took up many classroom size rooms. The only thing that these computers could do, were count numbers and do simple calculations. One of the major problems with these computers was the fact that the vacuum tubes inside of them would always need replacing. The vacuum tubes would burn up due to the tremendous amount of heat that these computers gave off. In today’s world, the computers that are on the market today are a million times faster than the computers that were first invented many decades ago. The computers that we use can perform many complex applications in seconds. Computers run factories, keep our planes up in the sky, and educate our young ones. Computers today, are much smaller than previous computers to come on the market. As the years go by and technology improves, scientists have been able to find ways to make smaller components to build computers with. It is said that the transistors count of computers doubles every eighteen months. [1] If this is the case, than there is no telling what the future may hold for computers, all I can say is that computers will continue to get smaller and smaller, and faster and faster with no signs of stopping. Some people believe that computers are taking over society, others think that America would be a better place, if we didn’t relay on computers as much as we do. Some time ago when computers were still new, people said that there wouldn’t be that much need for them on the market, experts said that people wouldn’t have enough time, to sit down and use a computer, while others said that computers will never ever be small enough for families to own. Popular Mechanics magazine states â€Å"Where . .

Essay --

Daily someone is diagnosed with a mental health disorder. Throughout the mental health aspect, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has been a prevalent clinical problem. From nursing care and evidence based practice, studies have shown that PTSD has been diagnosed because they were trying to escape from a situation that seemed impossible to deal with or to get relief from immoral thoughts and feelings. Throughout this paper the clinical concept of hope will be discussed along with nursing care interventions. The evidence-based literature presented will display how nursing interventions can assist in treating clients who have no hope, into a future which is promising and worth fulfilling. Hope is considered a state where a person has an aspiration or desire for a certain thing to happen. Throughout my clinical experience at the VA Hospital located in Montrose, NY, many of the patients stated they were present due to the loss of hope in themselves. In a nurse’s perceptive, hope is something they believe in. Nurses believe that their patients can achieve their goal of getting well and continuing with their lives to the best of their abilities. The purpose of the paper is to state how clients such as ones who are diagnosed with PTSD have lost hope in themselves. They need support and guidance from families, friends, and staff that work with them. A nursing model that can help the patients who have lost all hope is based on Jean Watson’s human caring theory. The theory states how caring is a part of the nursing job and one the duties for a nurse. Caring for a patient can help instill hope to improve their well-being. Reviewed literature will be pres ented and discussed along with the nursing model as well as with the co... ...d friends to strengthen their mind and body. Watson defines nursing as a human science of persons and human health illness experiences that are mediated by professional, personal, scientific, esthetic, and ethical human care transactions. By treating the patients as a whole instead of parts health care professionals such as nurses can help care for the patients and enhance hope in their hearts. Recommendations for the best nursing practice were to intervene as early as possible. It helps to group people who are going through similar situation to talk to each other to get insight on how they are dealing with the situation. Lastly, it would best to promote education and interventions when needed to allow the patients know that hope is always attainable but they have to be willing to care and listen to themselves and close ones among them to achieve hope.

Clinical Analysis: One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest

This is strongly exhibited in the film, through nurse Ratchet's cold, dominating manner of inning of the ward. In the film Chiefs character is written off as deaf & dumb by both the staff and other patients, he often appears catatonic. Broaden does not participate In the therapy circle and appears to be only treated regularly through drugs. He Is presented In the story as a patient with the longest tenure at the institution. The film also alludes to him having had large numbers of shock treatments during his stay.In the novel his character is described as having paranoid hallucinations of dense overwhelming fog generated by The Combine, a massive piece of machinery that intros people. The Chief isolates himself through his facade of being deaf and dumb. Eventually when Macarthur is able to get him to speak, the Chief reveals a story about his father being â€Å"worked on† by society. When he opens up, the Chief also lets on that he appears to see people as either big or small, he views people of confidence and strong spirit as large.The Chief describes himself as a small man, his perception of himself speaks of feelings of weakness or low self efficacy and depression. To properly diagnose Broaden today, a Callahan Is likely to conduct preliminary ABA work & tests to rule out other possible causes for the schizophrenia like symptoms. A clinician would test him for commonly abused drugs that cause schizophrenia like symptoms for example, & conduct a basic physical to rule out medical illnesses that may be causing these symptoms as well as review medical history.A clinician would take note of Broadens very apparent symptoms of Psychosis: marked by hallucinations & delusions (The Combine), disturbances in sensory perception (the fog strongly held personal beliefs (The Combine controls people, reception of people as either being small or big) as well as emotional expression (his blunted flat affect, even when speaking to Macarthur ( speech Is flat, monotone & lacking in signs of typical emotion).A clinician would also pickup on less obvious thinking behavior problems (in this case voluntary lack of speech). They would also need to determine whether Bromide's prolonged depressed mood is a symptom of schizophrenia or one of major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder. Psychosocial treatments would include: rehabilitation, individual psychotherapy, Emily education, self help & support groups and antispasmodic drugs. Social and vocational training would be administered early on after the antispasmodic medication has been administered.As it deals with the immediate issues of isolation and helps teach the individual how to readjust to life outside of the sheltered/ controlled environment of a hospital setting, rehabilitation would be an integral step in eventually returning to life in the outside world. In the film Broaden appears to benefit greatly from forced social interaction with Macarthur. Macrographs character takes on the role of th erapist with The Chief. He treats Broaden with respect and speaks to him instead of at him, which creates a bond of trust.Macarthur also takes the time to involve Broaden in social activities like conversations and group activities (basketball games). The scene where Broaden successfully dunks the ball in the game against the orderlies exhibits the great effect of these simple therapeutic exercises. At the end of this scene Broaden no longer moves at a slow & sluggish pace, appears to come out of his catatonic state and even wows a change in affect with appropriate smiling after scoring in the game.Receiving personal social attention, as well as being involved in the basketball game seems to do wonders for Broaden' isolation & self efficacy issues. Individual psychotherapy would involve regularly scheduled talks between the patient and therapist, to focus on current or past feelings, problems and experiences. Regular interaction with an empathetic person could guide the patient into a more grounded state and put them in touch with the outside world/reality. Problem solving ND coping skills could be learned from reality based therapeutic exercises.As patients are often released and into the care of family members, it is important that they are educated on schizophrenia, relapse prevention & troubleshooting. Learned coping problem solving skills could result in a more successful outcome of care and readjustment of their family member. Self help and support groups would be used to provide mutual support and continued safe & empathetic social outlet for the patient. Patient support groups allow the patient to develop a sense of community with other patients as well as a resource of growth and learning from the sense that they are not alone in their condition.In a way Macarthur follows the psychosocial treatment pattern with The Chief, who at the end of the movie describes the way he perceives himself as â€Å"big as a damn mountain† and has developed proble m solving skills, clearly resolved his self able to make the decision to and accomplish escaping the ward. This comes in stark contrast to the methods exhibited by Nurse Ratchet that focused on maintaining control of the patients, & order of the institution, with a disregard for support/care of the progress of the individual patient.

Arthur Miller’s †The Crucible Essay

In 1953 Arthur Miller wrote a play entitled The Crucible, by writing this he aimed to challenge the assumptions of US society and led people to question each others responsibilities. In the 1950’s senator Joe McCarthy started to exploit the US fears of communism and organised a witch hunt. Miller would have seen this as similar to the Holocaust in the sense that people were being wrongly accused of being witches when they were not. Arthur was a Jew and so would have had sympathy with these people and this in my eyes was one of the key factors in the writing of this play. During the 17th century there was an outbreak in the belief of witchcraft in Europe. This led to mass immigration from Europe to America; the immigrants were Puritans and so set up their own strict Christian communities. This is how Salem, Massachusetts came into being. Miller’s characters convey my point through their change of personality from Act I through to Act IV. There are different types of change throughout the play such as change in character, beliefs and loyalty and these all occur at some point in the play to different characters. Proctor, a farmer, goes from a local, well respected man to a man accused of being in contact with the Devil. Abigail transforms from sweet and beautiful to malicious and evil. Hale on the other hand is bought into the play as a witchcraft ‘expert’, he ends up struggling with this particular case and so changes into a frail, old and weak man. Putnam is much like Proctor and his story throughout the play is much the same and ultimately ends in death. The first time Putnam is mentioned he is said to be ‘vindictive’, meaning he is sly and malicious. But there is a reason for this nature of his; Miller does say that Thomas Putnam is a man ‘with many grievances’. This quote alone says that his vindictive nature comes after a certain event in his life, this being that James Bailey (his son in law) had been turned down as minister of Salem. But this changes completely as the accusations of witchcraft come out from the woodwork, instead of being scarred by this grievance he turns to his controlling self. During Act I the Putnam family cry witchcraft on a certain Rebecca Nurse; this is all Thomas Putnam’s alter ego. The Nurses were the ones who ultimately prevented James Bailey from taking office in Salem and for Putnam, blackening the Nurse name would surely open the gateway for Bailey to become minister of Salem. So, at the start of the play Putnam is portrayed as the accuser, and rightly so. But as we go on through the play we see Putnam’s character change somewhat rapidly from the accuser to the accused. This is proven correct when in Act III Danforth says, ‘Mr Putnam, I have here an accusation by Mr Corey against you.’ This accusation alone shows how Putnam’s personality has changed from one extreme to the other; he has gone from accuser to the accused. This outlook on Thomas Putnam goes someway to describing how the whole ordeal in Salem has changed everyone and is bigger now than ever before. This shocks the audience as it shows that this whole ordeal in Salem is changing even the most respectable of men. The next character we see is Reverend Hale; he is brought in by Parris as a master of the supernatural arts, witchcraft. We are first introduced to Hale as, ‘Mr Hale is nearing forty, a tight-skinned, eager-eyed intellectual’. This makes the audience think straight away that Hale is a well respected and well educated individual who is very contempt with his job, to the extent he actually enjoys it. Miller described Hale as someone who, ‘†¦felt the pride†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. This shows Hale took pride in the fact he was sought after and good at his job, and a specialist in such areas. So, from how Miller describes Hale we see his willingness to be involved with this court and eager to show off his ability, as this improves his self esteem.. So it would be easy to assume that Hale would be a figurehead for the further Acts in the play, this is true to some extent, until Act III where Hale ultimately loses his head; he realises how much this case has affected Salem and its citizens, ‘I denounce these proceedings, I quit this court’. This quote itself lets the audience know how much the situation in Salem has blown up into something that never should have been. How it has all spurred from one accusation to a further ten, then at the end, over one hundred. It shows the audience how the situation has affected so many people and that Hale is the first to realise this. He, as a result, quits the court, this giving evidence to the statement that Hale’s personality has completely changed. At first he wants to be involved (the hero) and take pride in his work. But now, n Act III he gets as far away from the case as possible, it shows how the situation is changing people, and more so how it has changed Reverend Hale. Hale is now portrayed as a weak, deflated individual, lacking in personality. He goes from strong to frail and deflated. The audience watching this would feel confused at seeing this radical change in this holy moral figure.  Possibly the most important ambassador for change in The Crucible is John Proctor. We are first introduced to him during Act I, Miller describes John Proctor as, ‘†¦a farmer in his middle thirties. He need not have been a partisan of any faction in the town’

Aurora Research Essay

Our country’s natural resources are the cornerstones of our progress. It is only fitting that we do all that we can to protect and conserve them. The Philippines is a global priority for the conservation of marine biodiversity. The country is also highly dependent on marine resources, with more than one million people directly dependent upon the fisheries sector. BALER, Aurora , Philippines – A marine research center that would conduct continuing research and experimentation on the culture and propagation of native marine species and develop high-value products from endemic marine and aquatic species in the province has been set up in this capital town. Sen. Edgardo Angara said that Aurora Marine Research Center has been established in coordination with; the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, National Museum, Aurora State College of Technology and the Inter-Agency Committee on Marine Research Center. Its 330-kilometer coastline, steady rainfall, rich collection of flora and fauna and Hawaii-like weather, the province has natural growth potentials for fisheries development with the AMRC, a perfect complement to the province rich marine resources. R.A. 9441 authored in the Senate by Angara and in the House of Representatives by House Deputy Majority Leader Juan Edgardo Angara. He said the AMRC would seek t improve existing technology for maximizing income potentials of the coastal community and the fishing industry and encourage the culture of marine species native to the province. He said that major fish species abound in the province from Dilasag to Dingalan such as blue marlin, lobster, octopus, tuna and even reef fishes. In addition, the province has five marine protected areas in Dibut MPA, Dibutunan MPA, Diguisit-Puntin Marine Protected Area and the Ditangol and Mapalad-Dibaray bay Fish Sanctuaries. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: * Weak Institutional and Legal Capacities for Biodiversity in the Philippines * Many species endemic to the country are threatened or endangered. * Exploitation too much of flora, fauna and marine life. * Occurring different effect of climate change to marine biodiversity. * Amid warnings of a new wave of red tide hitting several coastal areas in the Philippines OBJECTIVES: * Provide crucial insight on how to preserve and protect our marine ecosystems. * Create a database containing valuable data on the biodiversity, habitat, abundance, and overall status of the province’s marine resources. * The marine research, with the technical assistance of the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources of the Department of Agriculture and such other agencies involved in marine research, shall conduct continuing research and experimentation on the culture and propagation of native marine species especially as they apply to the peculiarities and characteristics of local conditions, for the purpose of improving existing technology and for maximizing income potentials of the fishing industry. * Take such steps as may be necessary to encourage the culture of marine species native t o the province and thereby promote and attract investments in this field of economic endeavor by providing through the facilities of the breeding component of the center, the application of the technologies developed by the research component of the center and ensure the ready and steady suppIy of spawners, fries and fingerlings t o those engaged in this industry.

Mood Disorder, an Umbrella Term to a Host of Disorders

Mood disorder: this is a group of diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV TR) which classifies mental health, this particular one is when a person's mood is seen to be the underlying cause of mental health issues. This umbrellas a host of disorders, such as; Bipolar Disease (SD), Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and also less severe depressions such as dysthymic or cyclothymic.Some mood disorders can be substance induced, (due to someone's drug use) or alcohol induced, and other mood disorders could be Just one episode or recurrent. Personality disorders: social disorders, characterised by an individual's pattern of behaviour, cognition, and inner experience, these patterns of behaviour are developed early on and are seen to be inflexible and cause distress and/or disability.For the pattern of behaviour to be classed as a disorder it means that the patterns displayed by the individual deviates from the social norms of the majority of society. Pe rsonality disorders: this is a term that covers several forms of mental disorders, which are characterised by excessive worrying, uneasiness, fearfulness and pprehension about future uncertainties, which could be based upon real or imagined events. These can then affect an individual's physical and psychological health.Some people can experience continuous episodes of these symptoms whilst others are less frequent, so are classified as either generalised anxiety disorders or phobias. 1. 2) the strengths of the classification system are that it is structured and allows medical professionals to recognise the disorders and make an informed diagnosis. However there are limitations: it is very black and white and doesn't give ccount for other reasons as to why a disorder could occur, such as someone being in severe pain, or having social difficulties such as bullying.It also doesn't consider that there could be an overlapping of disorders, and therefore can have a detrimental effect on d iagnosis and delay the diagnosis and treatment in some circumstances. 1. 3) there are alternative frameworks for the diagnosis of mental distress. The first is the biological and medical frame work which considers factors such as brain defects, results of accidents and hereditary diseases when diagnosing any mental distress.There is also a behavioural framework which considers how learned habits can effect an individual and how external stressors combined with the individuals personality can cause result in mental disorder. 1. 4) If an individual is suffering from a mental distress or disorder the symptoms of this can be shown in varies ways and medical practitioners will be vigilant to these when diagnosing the individual.The symptoms shown can include: The individual feeling sad or down for periods of time The individual withdrawing themselves from social situations Dramatic changes in he individuals eating habits The individual's refusal to take care of them self, (personal hygie ne, changing clothes, looking after their property) Low energy, extreme tiredness Paranoia Hallucinations Excessive worrying or feeling of guilt over real or imagined events Confusion Extreme highs and extreme lows in the individuals mood Anger towards others, particular those close to them and without due reason Hostility and violence towards others or themselves Changes in the individuals sex drive Suicidal thoughts Inability to cope with daily tasks and stressors Abuse of alcohol or drugs Sometimes the symptoms can come in the form of a physical pain in the individua'ls chest, abdomen, back, head, and other unexplained aches and pains. It is often a close friend, family member or care giver that notices these changes in a person that must be reported and recorded.If I was to notice these changes in an individual in my care it would be my duty to approach the subject with the individual if they have the capacity, I would discuss with my manager the best course of action to take an d ollow this through, it could be that I need to contact the individuals next of kin, GP, or social worker. 2. 1) An individual could experience a lot of forms of discrimination due to misinformation, misinterpretation and common stereotypes society has. Potential or current employers could deter from a person's potential or ability due to not understanding how a mental disorder could affect someone, and in this case it could prove to make the individuals condition worse. Friends and family members can begin to fear the behaviour of the individual and thus withdraw from them. the individual has carers attending to them, the carers could become fearful or put up personal barriers. They could be treated with caution by all people known to them. 2. 2) Mental ill health can impact an individual in numerous ways. Psychologically and emotionally: the individual may become withdrawn further from social groups and or family members who could add to their ill health. Mental health issues can impact a person's self-esteem and self-worth, which would cause them to feel more down and possibly have suicidal thoughts or tendencies. An individual's family and friends could become concerned about the individual, and therefore try to be there for them more, visit more regularly, and this would put a strain on them personally.Practically and financially: an individual's mental ill health could affect their ability to work, therefore can have a detrimental effect on their ability to pay their bills and/or live day to day. It can affect the person's ability to fill out forms when looking for a Job, or paperwork for their current role. They may also be unable to cope with everyday iving such as looking after themselves, family members or their property. If a person is suffering from mental ill health and is experiencing symptoms such as violence, paranoia and inability their fellow work force would be impacted as they may not want to work this person, it could leave them in danger or with an extra work load, or themselves not wanting to go to work as their work environment is disrupted.Using services: the individual may withdraw from services they are already using; such as day centres. They could feel unable to talk to people and therefore not enlist the aid f services such as social services, day centres, GPs, other medical services. on the individuals close family and friends. It could add extra pressure onto them to be there for the individual, and to take on further responsibility where they are concerned Positive impacts: when a mental disorder is untreated or undiagnosed the individual can become stuck, and not see a way forward, therefore viewing everything negatively and in turn this can cause the mental distress to spiral out of control.This can also affect the individuals family and friends who are trying to help, and trying to ive them positive thoughts and suggestions, they may end up feeling like they should no longer bother to help, this would then result in them possibly giving up leaving the individual feeling more alone than ever. 2. 4) There are benefits to the individual, their family and social network and society with early intervention of an individual's mental health. The earlier a disorder is detected means that It can be treated early and recent studies have shown that early intervention means relapses are less likely, as is hospitalisation, and symptoms can be less severe.